3. Producción
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Item type:Publication, Recursos, producción y ambiente(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022)The environment is in a difficult and complex situation where natural resources are decreasing to attend the needs of the population, because the resource replacement rate is lower than its consumption rate. The population is constantly growing, to date there are 7.8 billion inhabitants, and it is estimated at 8.5 billion inhabitants by 2030. They will require food, clothing, housing, services and others, that is, natural resources will be needed to be transformed and obtain goods and services. In this context, Peru is a megadiverse country and very rich in natural resources such as forest, hydro-biological, water, mining, hydrocarbon resources, soil, among others, which can become a pantry for the world. What is the situation of these resources today? It is necessary to include production systems to understand environmental problems, since to obtain goods and services, these systems consume resources and generate waste, effluents and / or emissions in their operations, impacting the environment. So, it is necessary to know how these systems have been developed. Were environmental criteria considered in decision making? To contribute to sustainability, avoiding or mitigating environmental impacts, it is necessary to make decisions using methodologies and tools with a more comprehensive approach such as, life cycle assessment, industrial ecology, circular economy, among others. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Carbon footprint, sustainability and anesthesia. We are beginning to learn(Sociedad de Anestesiologia de Chile, 2022-01-01)Human health has been negatively impacted by the difficult environmental conditions produced by climate change. The health industry, paradoxically, generates a carbon footprint (CF) that drives climate change and represents 9.8% of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the United States (2013) and 6.3% of CF in England (2017). A considerable portion of these emissions comes from the clinical practice of anesthesia. Anesthetic gases present global warming potentials (GWPs) of up to 3,714 times higher than CO 2 throughout their life cycles, from their manufacture and use to their disposal. In this context, this review compiled and assessed the environmental impacts of the anesthetic strategy in clinical practice, making use of the life cycle analysis tool. This review describes how the anesthetic technique has a major impact on CF, through the emission of GHG expressed through tools such as the GWP 100 . As an example, at the manufacturing stage, the GWP of halogenated gases is up to 2,540 kg CO 2 eq versus 21 kg CO 2 eq for Propofol. This and other variables determine the contribution of the anesthetic technique in the emission of GHG. Finally, this review aims to help health care providers make informed decisions when considering the CH and sustainability of each anesthetic technique. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, 5R and hospital sustainability: Our contribution in the climate emergency. Part II. Rethink and research(Sociedad de Anestesiologia de Chile, 2022-01-01)Introduction: Climate change is a health problem and, at the same time, health systems are important contributors. Hospitals stand out due to their high rates of energy consumption, resources and waste generation. The purpose of the study is to know and identify the determinants of sanitary waste and the measures that can be implemented that allow reducing the production of hospital waste, seeking to achieve a general and updated appreciation of this phenomenon and taking into account hospital sustainability. Method: A bibliographic search was carried out in pubmed that included keywords related to the concepts of carbon footprint, recycling and hospital waste. The screening yielded a total of 37 articles and later 12 publications founded from references (or that were previously known by the authors) were added. Results: The results are presented into 5 points known as the “5 Rs”, named below. “Reduce” (through adequate segregation of waste, correct management of effluents and energy, significant reduction of excesses and automatic administration of anesthetic gases), “Reuse” (through device reprocessing, reusable material and donation), “Recycle”, “Rethink” (with examples such as selection of less polluting gases, selective use of containers, staff education) and “Investigate” through different models. Discussion: Several of the recognized measures could have an application in many hospital areas despite the fact that most of the available evidence refers to the operating room. The organization and education of the personnel is important in order to implement the measures found.1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, 5R and hospital sustainability: Our contribution in the climate emergency. Part I. Reduce, reuse and recycle(Sociedad de Anestesiologia de Chile, 2022-01-01)Introduction: Climate change is a health problem and, at the same time, health systems are important contributors. Hospitals stand out due to their high rates of energy consumption, resources and waste generation. The purpose of the study is to know and identify the determinants of sanitary waste and the measures that can be implemented that allow reducing the production of hospital waste, seeking to achieve a general and updated appreciation of this phenomenon and taking into account hospital sustainability. Method: A bibliographic search was carried out in pubmed that included keywords related to the concepts of carbon footprint, recycling and hospital waste. The screening yielded a total of 37 articles and later 12 publications founded from references (or that were previously known by the authors) were added. Results: The results are presented into 5 points known as the “5 Rs”, named below. “Reduce” (through adequate segregation of waste, correct management of effluents and energy, significant reduction of excesses and automatic administration of anesthetic gases), “Reuse” (through device reprocessing, reusable material and donation), “Recycle”, “Rethink” (with examples such as selection of less polluting gases, selective use of containers, staff education) and “Investigate” through different models. Discussion: Several of the recognized measures could have an application in many hospital areas despite the fact that most of the available evidence refers to the operating room. The organization and education of the personnel is important in order to implement the measures found.1