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Item type:Publication, Intertwined Realities—Hybrid Institutions in the Peruvian Fisheries and Aquaculture Sectors(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-06-01)Following pro-market policies, the Peruvian state has aimed to regulate profitable fisheries and aquaculture activities in order to increase their production. However, informal and illegal activities not only persist but are also interlinked with formal practices and frameworks, creating intertwined realities in fostering processes of institutional hybridization. This article analyses the (re)production of informal and illegal activities by explaining the formation of hybrid institutional entanglements in the Peruvian anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) fishery in Pisco and the Peruvian bay scallop (Argopecten purpuratus) aquaculture industry in Sechura. It argues that state policies to promote industrial fisheries and entrepreneurial aquaculture for the global market coupled with limited interest in supporting small-scale fisheries and aquaculture activities have resulted in processes of institutional hybridization. Within these processes, social actors resist and accommodate formal regulatory frameworks to suit their respective needs, while intertwining formal and informal practices and institutional arrangements, based on their political leverage or ability to produce hybrid institutional entanglements in a context where regulation is limited and state authority is negotiated. Under these forms of hybrid governance, the article shows that interactions between state and non-state actors do not lead to collaborations for solving problems but to the persistence of sustainability problems. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, An Analysis of the Early Impacts of COVID-19 on Peruvian Fisheries and Mariculture(Oxford University Press, 2023-11-01)The coastal waters off Peru are among the world's most productive, thanks to the Humboldt Current and its strong coastal upwelling. Fisheries and an ever-expanding mariculture sector provide millions of Peruvians livelihoods, income, and nutrition. Coastal communities engaging with these sectors face a volatile environment they have historically adapted to. But when the COVID-19 pandemic unfolded in 2020, affecting all aspects of life, challenges for the fisheries and mariculture sectors emerged to a yet unprecedented extent. This work applies a mixed-method approach for documenting and analysing the effects of the pandemic on the Peruvian seafood sector and seafood worker's economy in particular. Mobility restrictions and market closures disrupted seafood supply chains, altering access to nutrition and income for many people involved. Interviewees aimed to diversify livelihood strategies and use personal networks to withstand the crisis, while some established adaptation strategies, such as migration towards other fishing grounds, were largely impeded. Our results highlight the vulnerability of seafood value chains - mainly artisanal and small-scale fisheries - in the face of such a global crisis. The implications of the pandemic for the long-term sustainability of Peruvian coastal-marine activities are discussed and set into the context of previously experienced crises in the region. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The elusive sustainable growth: The formation of institutional socio-ecological traps in Peruvian anchoveta fisheries(Elsevier BV, 2025-06-01)In Peru, government agencies have set out to regulate the profitable anchoveta fishery to increase its efficiency and sustainability. Current government regulations seek to eradicate informal and illegal fishing activities and include a differentiated set of regulations for industrial and small-scale fisheries to prevent overfishing. However, overfishing continues, threatening the reproduction of the anchoveta biomass. Moreover, informal and illegal activities not only persist but are intertwined with formal practices and legal frameworks, fostering processes of institutional hybridisation. Why has the implementation of sound state regulations for sustainable fishing ended up contributing to anchoveta depredation? From a political ecology perspective, we argue that we are witnessing the formation of institutional socio-ecological traps driven by power dynamics in the context of increasing institutional hybridisation. To develop our argument, we show how legal inequalities in access to anchoveta resources foster the emergence of informal fishing practices and hybrid institutions. We then analyse how, in the context of increasing demand and institutional hybridisation, powerful extractive actors are able to circumvent restrictive policies such as quotas and vessel permits designed to prevent overfishing, leading to the exacerbation of inequalities. Methodologically, this article draws on a qualitative case study of industrial and small-scale anchoveta fishing practices and regulations in Peru.1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, A Gendered Blue Economy? Critical Perspectives Through Women's Participation in Peru(Cogitatio, 2025-02-17)Peru's maritime waters and their natural resources have long been appropriated as part of the country's economic development. While several historical analyses have covered the management and use of marine resources, few have focused on gender relations in these processes. In order to help fill this gap, we use an ethnographic approach, through the qualitative analysis of interviews carried out between 2021 and 2022 with three women involved in Peru's artisanal small‐scale fisheries and scallop aquaculture industry. Through their life trajectories, we discuss how these women became key actors within the Peruvian blue economy and the role that concrete and situated gender relations played in that process. We present a critical analysis of women's agency and involvement in the blue economy and how the economic opportunities offered are constrained by gender norms, male dominance, and the precarious nature of (in)formal labor. We suggest a need to shift from a focus on blue growth to a more inclusive concept of blue justice that deals with structural inequalities ingrained in current modes of extractivism and aims to secure fair opportunities for all genders in marine‐related activities.4