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Item type:Publication, The power, rigour and efectiveness of an idea: the case of the poor's legal informality(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2008)Few ideas and activities have received as hyperbolic praise as those presented by Hernando de Soto on informality. Nobel prizes in economics, presidents of various countries, important magazines, and multilateral organizations have endorsed this author’s impulse to the official registration of the poor’s property, particularly, their homes, as the key to launch a worldwide economic revolution from below. In this paper we present the institutional backing of those ideas, the analytic substance of the main arguments involved, the descriptive accuracy of the institutions operating in the Third World, and the results of their application. In this way, we evaluate the relation between the spread and power of an idea with its formal content, and its effectiveness to change the world of the poor. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, La pobreza es multidimensional: un ensayo de clasificación(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2002)In this classificatory essay I present five main types of multidimensionality in the recent literature on poverty and human development. The first is intra-economic multidimensionality. Income, aggregate or individual, is accompanied with distribution, assets, employment, or other dimensions. By the second, non-economic elements are added, usually to income. Two versions of this type are very common and influential. In the first multidimensional factors explaining income-poverty are introduced. Some of these factors are defined as “capital,” human, physical, social, cultural, symbolic, etc. In the second of them economic and non-economic elements define poverty. In both cases income, alone or accompanied, is still seen as an end. The third type eliminates income from the definition of poverty. The qualitative and quantitative transformation of income in order to define the Human Development Index is one of the ways that it is done, but it is even more explicit in the calculation of the Human Poverty Index by the UNDP where income is not included. The last two types arise out of wider approaches in the fields of political philosophy or moral philosophy. The fourth type consists in the introduction of the modern way of classifying the spheres of life. The “economic,” “political,” “social,” “cultural,” etc. spheres are considered dimensions of development, and also of poverty. The fifth type is more openly philosophical and is based in the explicit analysis of values and their relation to development. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Lucha ¿contra qué pobreza?(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2003)In this paper I present one of the origins of what is being called today, the “struggle against poverty”. We extract some of the main aspects of the proposal entitled The Concept of Poverty presented by the Chamber of Commerce of the U.S.A in 1965. Our main point is that the nature of the poverty they try to confront corresponds to that existing in that country, and it is quite different from the one most massively present in underdeveloped countries. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, De la necesidad a las preferencias: los significados de la libertad(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2003)In this paper we analyze the meaning of four concepts, subsistence, needs, wants and preferences from the viewpoint of their association with the concepts of life sustenance and freedom. Our aim is to show that the concentration by mainstream economic theory in the last two allows it to avoid dealing with the most important economic problems of today: poverty and underdevelopment. Moreover, it trivializes the meaning of freedom, and specifically of freedom to choose. As freedom increases, loses substance. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Back to heterodox questions: progress with regress through competition(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 1998)Wealth and poverty, progress and regress are the type of realities usually related on moral grounds. Scientifically serious causal economic relations are not so easy to find. Moral criteria does not require scientific proof of causality. But this search for causal links is also important to reduce the impact of structural factors on human behavior. Probably most of the times in a specific social structure creation of wealth implies a reduction in poverty. It is one or the other. However, both can also be seen as independent, and should be analyzed as parts of different processes. In that sense, it would be a question of one and de other. Finally, it is also found that, under some circumstances, progress, accompanied with increasing wealth for some collectivities and individuals can be analytically related to regress, and many times increasing poverty for other groups and individuals. It is progress with regress; that is regress actively created by progress, not just by default. The models presented below add new members to the group of theories that have attempted an analysis of these twin features of the competitive process. In other words, how many are regressing and become poor because they are losers, and not because they have not played, are not or have not been in the game? All this is important to answer seriously to questions that are not being asked in spite of their obvious importance: How easy is to “make markets work for the poor”?, how convenient is to “improve markets”?, or to “extend markets”? Under what conditions it is better a market deepening? In what kinds of markets? Markets embedded in a complex set of components of the human dimension can accept a question different from: how to regulate the competition?