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Item type:Publication, An integrative study of new environmental and cultural data from the Hoabinhian of Laang Spean Cave (Cambodia) including modern human remains(Elsevier B.V., 2024-10-01)Although the Hoabinhian culture is renowned for its unifacial pebble tools and its discovery dates back more than a century, only a handful of sites provide complete information on this period. The site of Laang Spean, in Cambodia, has recently been described as a burial cave for the Neolithic period, but it was previously known as an emblematic Hoabinhian site for Cambodia. More comprehensive studies indicate that it offers a wide window onto the settlement of the Hoabinhian between 12900 and 5000 cal BP. The archaeological layer of the Hoabinhian culture at Laang Spean include faunal, human and lithic remains that enrich our understanding of the environment and way of life of this ancient culture. The faunal assemblage, dominated by bovines, tortoises, molluscs, and cervids, reflects a diverse ecosystem and the adaptability of the Hoabinhian people. The presence of both humid and dry forest indicators, alongside significant wetland areas, suggests their ability to exploit a variety of habitats. The lithic assemblage, characterized by a lower representation of unifaces and greater use of split cobbles, reflects a continuity in basic lithic reduction strategies with minor diachronic changes in raw material selection and tool production, possibly reflecting technological adaptations and increased intensity of occupation. The discovery of human remains, though challenging to contextualize precisely, contributes to understanding settlement patterns and cultural links in prehistoric Southeast Asia. The new data allow for a deeper interpretation of the environmental adaptations and hunting strategies of the Hoabinhian people, including their responses to climatic changes, such as the end of the Younger Dryas. This enhanced knowledge significantly contributes to our comprehension of the environmental dynamics and subsistence practices in prehistoric Southeast Asia and underscores the necessity of reassessing key Hoabinhian sites with modern excavation and dating techniques. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
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Item type:Publication, The micro-plant remains preserved on lithics and in the associated sediment of the Hoabinhian Laang Spean cave site, Battambang province, Cambodia(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2026-07-27)A bstract This study seeks to advance understanding of how ancient Hoabinhian communities engaged with the diversity of their environments, focusing on plant resource management and the role of plants in technological and subsistence strategies at the Laang Spean site, Cambodia. The methodological approach relies on phytolith assemblages recovered from sediments associated with micro-plant residues adhering to the lithic tools, interpreted using anatomical and histological knowledge of plant tissues. Phytolith extraction from nine stratigraphic layers revealed distinct differences between Hoabinhian contexts (Stratigraphical Unit=SU): the layer 9 contained mainly palm trees phytoliths, while layers 10 and 11 showed higher phytolith diversity and diagnostic grass forms. Besides the Monocots strong assemblage results between the two main periods studied, a diversity of phytolith arboreal taxa indicate broader plant use and environmental complexity during Hoabinhian occupations (consistent with the other archaeobotanical studies held on Hoabinhian archaeological sites in the region). Upon the nine lithics artefacts studied, only one has delivered micro-plant remains identified as leaf-culm part of Monocots (plants that do not produce wood), and most probably of bamboo origin. This multidisciplinary research aims to refine interpretations of Hoabinhian plant exploitation (subsistence and environmental context), and contributes to current debates on “forest technologies” in Southeast Asia. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Technological variability in the Hoabinhian: the example of slab lithic production from the Doi Pha Kan site (Northern Thailand)(Elsevier BV, 2025-02-12)This research examines the unique lithic technology at the Doi Pha Kan site dated 13 300 to 12 800 calBP in Northern Thailand during the Hoabinhian period (which globally extends from the final Late Pleistocene to Mid Holocene) by means of a technological and morpho-metric analysis. While it shares similarities with typical Hoabinhian assemblages, significant deviations in reduction methods, targeted tool types, and the singular presence of reduction sequences dedicated to the production of a diversity of slab tools. Nevertheless, the study blanks the existence of a distinct population within the Hoabinhian world, indicating a shift towards lighter, composite tools, which may represent a modern trajectory or the final phase of the Hoabinhian culture. The study also explores the potential influence of climatic fluctuations at the end of the Late Pleistocene on human behaviors and the evolution of modern human diversity in Southeast Asia. However, due to limited available paleoenvironmental data and data with a few seasonal contrasts in the tropics within a world without winter, a direct connection remains elusive for the moment. The study underscores the need for further research and interdisciplinary collaboration for comprehensive understanding of human paleoecology in the region as well as innovative technical adaptation.3 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Techno-structural and 3-D geometric morphometric analysis applied for investigating the variability of Holocene unifacial tools in tropical Central Brazil(Public Library of Science, 2025-01-01)During the transition from the Pleistocene to the Holocene and in the early Holocene period, hunter-gatherer communities across tropical South America deployed a range of technological strategies to adapt to diverse environmental conditions. This period witnessed a rich tapestry of technological practices, from enduring, widely disseminated tools to local and sporadically utilized technologies, shaping a multifaceted landscape of technological traditions. Lithic technology during this period was mainly marked by localized sourcing of raw materials, the use of multifunctional tools, a variety of projectile point designs, and the frequently utilization of unifacial shaping technology. In tropical Central Brazil, the Itaparica technocomplex, with unique unifacial lithic tools like limaces, is a pivotal innovation from the Late Pleistocene through the Holocene. However, the factors influencing their morphological and structural variability remain largely unexplored, obscuring our understanding of their ergonomics and their role as mediators between humans and tropical environments. This study hypothesizes that the variability observed within and among unifacial tools from the GO-Ni sites in Central Brazil is a result of a combination of factors, including raw material availability and functional and ergonomic requirements. To test this hypothesis, a study of 67 unifacial tools from this region was conducted, employing techno-structural analysis and 3D geometric morphometrics. This approach was designed to precisely quantify tool geometry and uncover their functional potentials. The analysis revealed significant variability within the techno-structural groups, often intersecting with typological classifications. These results indicate that despite their production attributes, unifacially shaped artifacts demonstrate considerable morpho-structural diversity. The study delineated nine distinct techno-structural groups, each suggesting potentially different functional organizations and deviating from conventional typologies. These results indicate that unifacially shaped artifacts, while embodying a novel technological paradigm of production, exhibit a broader spectrum of variation mainly due to different tool functions. The combined approach adopted in this research highlights on the cultural significance of unifacial tools within Paleoamerican technological systems. It suggests probable unique tool concepts specific to the study area, challenges existing classifications, and enriches our comprehension of early lithic technology in South America.1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Cultural change between 40-50 ka in southern China: Implications for modern human dispersals in Eurasia(Elsevier BV, 2025-09-01)Cultural remains, though indirect compared to fossil and genetic evidence, are critical in reconstructing the dispersals of modern humans across Late Pleistocene Eurasia. This work evaluates the cultural materials from southern China and its surrounding regions to reassess the timing and context of the potential arrival of modern humans. We emphasize technological innovations and symbolic activities as defining markers of cultural change. Our analysis reveals that the earliest remarkable cultural changes, as evidenced by complex technologies and symbolic objects, emerged around 45,000 years ago in southern China. These innovations align temporally with the significant proliferation of sites across South China, mirroring patterns observed in other parts of Eurasia. The most parsimonious explanation for the abrupt cultural changes at this time is the arrival and dispersal of modern humans in southern China between 40,000 and 50,000 years ago as part of a broader global migration during the Late Pleistocene. The cultural perspective not only redefines the timeline for modern human arrival in southern China but also underscores the transformative impact of their presence on the region's cultural, demographic, and genetic histories, in parallel with similar processes across Eurasia.2