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Item type:Publication, Seismic numerical analysis of an Inca stone wall in Sacsayhuaman using rigid body dynamics within a finite element framework(Elsevier Ltd, 2024-07-01)The study and conservation of the stone heritage is a global concern, mainly when the buildings are in seismic zones. Stone structures can be very simple or considerably complex, depending on their style and form of construction. A clear example is the Inca architecture in Peru, which has different and complex typologies due to its cultural diversity. Inca structures of remarkable heritage value are in Cusco, an area of active cortical faults that might produce a seismic event at any time. The main objective of this research is to contribute to the knowledge of the seismic vulnerability analysis of Inca's stone walls by using the dynamics of rigid bodies (within the finite element method) to evaluate the possible out-of-plane failure mechanisms. This methodology allows for reducing the high number of degrees of freedom usually considered when modelling an entire irregular large stone wall by other approaches, such as continuum models. A wall section from the archaeological site of Sacsayhuaman (Cusco, Peru) is analysed as a case study. Each stone is discretised and modelled as a rigid body, and the interaction among blocks is evaluated within a finite element numerical framework. The structure's predominant frequencies are evaluated using updated methods such as white noise and sinusoidal signals. Then, a non-linear dynamic analysis of the studied wall is performed considering three Peruvian seismic records. The analyses show that the structure could suffer significant damage and endanger its structural stability for cortical earthquakes with a Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) greater than 0.2 g. Considering the historical significance of these structures, the analysis of Inca stone walls' seismic safety accounts for potential residual movements between individual stones. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Evaluation of the seismic behaviour of an Inca stone wall using rigid body dynamic methods(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024-01-01)Peru has around 7 360 prehispanic archaeological monuments [1] according to the Ministry of Culture of Peru. These structures, built with irregular shapes and variable configurations, are very complex to evaluate. Unfortunately, some of these constructions are in poor conservation state due to external factors such as earthquakes, soil settlements or human activity [2]. For example, some Inca culture stone walls from archaeological sites such as Puka Pukara, Sacsayhuaman, Huchuy Qosqo and Chinchero present visible damage directly associated with previous earthquakes [3]. In this research, the dynamic response of an Inca stone wall from Sacsayhuaman is evaluated using rigid body dynamics in Abaqus [4]. Sacsayhuaman archaeological site is made up of enormous retaining walls with large carved stones and dry joints. The stones were modelled with their irregular shapes as rigid bodies and their interactions by means of interfaces with normal and shear stiffness. All mechanical properties were adequately calibrated based on experimental tests and literature review. The results confirm that the use of rigid body dynamic methods can help to evaluate the seismic performance of stone structures and to identify the most probable collapse mechanisms during a seismic event.