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Item type:Publication, Historical microplastic records in marine sediments: current progress and methodological evaluation(Elsevier, 2021-07-01)Plastic production has increased continuously since its massification in the 1950s. Microplastics (MPs), plastic particles smaller than 5 mm, are contaminants widespread across all environmental compartments, including remote ecosystems. Thus, MPs could serve as geological proxies of the Anthropocene, a proposed geological epoch characterized for the human-derived influence on the environment. MP investigation in sedimentary records requires specific sampling and analytical procedures exclusive to this line of research. Failing to properly conduct one or many of the standardized procedures compromises the veracity of the data obtained. In the present review, we assessed the current advances and notorious results in studies investigating MPs in the sedimentary record, a recent area of research. Also, a method-based diagnosis was conducted by critically analyzing the sampling and dating, MP extraction, polymer identification, and contamination prevention steps. We aimed to provide recommendations to future research based on critical analyses of the current state of the art and to present prospective outlooks regarding MPs as geological markers of modern civilization. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Environmental pollution with antifouling paint particles: distribution, ecotoxicology, and sustainable alternatives(Elsevier, 2021-08-01)Antifouling paint particles (APPs) are a type of paint particle loaded with toxic biocidal compounds. The present review focused on the current knowledge in respect of the abundance, distribution, and ecotoxicological effects of APPs in the marine environment. Also, the recent advances in nontoxic biobased antifouling paints were discussed as potential alternatives to contemporary marine coatings. The presence of APPs is mainly associated with boat maintenance in boatyards and port areas. Conventional microplastic assessments showed a significant contribution of paint particles to the morphological composition. Moreover, recent ecotoxicological studies demonstrated that environmental concentrations of APPs induce mortality (LC50) in sediment dwellers and macroinvertebrates. Novel biocides from natural sources and biopolymer binders in the formulation of antifouling paints are proposed as potential alternatives to conventional antifouling paints. The toxicity of most natural biocides is negligible to nontargeted species, while biopolymers are expected to prevent the formation of APPs.