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Item type:Publication, Comparing model complexity for glacio-hydrological simulation in the data-scarce Peruvian Andes(Elsevier, 2021-10-01)Study region: Glaciated headwaters of the Vilcanota-Urubamba river basin, Southern Peru Study focus: A pivotal question is if robust hydrological simulation of streamflow in data-scarce and glaciated catchments can be achieved using parsimonious or more complex models. Therefore, a multi-model assessment of three glacio-hydrological models of different complexity was conducted thoroughly analyzing model performance, flow signatures and runoff components. New hydrological insights for the region: In data-scarce catchments, such as in the tropical Andes, parsimonious glacio-hydrological models can provide more robust results than complex models. While the overall performance of all models was reasonably good (R2: 0.65–0.70, Nash-Sutcliffe: 0.65–0.73, Nash-Sutcliffe-ln: 0.73–0.78), with increasing data scarcity more complex models involve higher uncertainties. Furthermore, complex models require substantial understanding of the underpinning hydrological processes and a comprehensive calibration strategy to avoid apparently high model performance driven by inadequate assumptions. Based on these insights we present a framework for robust glacio-hydrological simulation under data scarcity. This stepwise approach includes, among others, a multi-model focus with a comprehensive assessment of flow signatures and runoff components. Future modeling needs to be further supported by alternative data collection strategies to substantially improve knowledge and process understanding. Therefore, the extension of sensor and station networks combined with the integration of co-produced knowledge represents a meaningful measure to robust decision-making for climate change adaptation and water management under high uncertainty. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Seasonal Water Storage and Release Dynamics of Bofedal Wetlands in the Central Andes(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2023-08-01)Tropical high-Andean wetlands, locally known as ‘bofedales’, are key ecosystems sustaining biodiversity, carbon sequestration, water provision and livestock farming. Bofedales' contribution to dry season baseflows and sustaining water quality is crucial for downstream water security. The sensitivity of bofedales to climatic and anthropogenic disturbances is therefore of growing concern for watershed management. This study aims to understand seasonal water storage and release characteristics of bofedales by combining remote sensing analysis and ground-based monitoring for the wet and dry seasons of late 2019 to early 2021, using the glacierised Vilcanota-Urubamba basin (Southern Peru) as a case study. A network of five ultrasound loggers was installed to obtain discharge and water table data from bofedal sites across two headwater catchments. The seasonal extent of bofedales was mapped by applying a supervised machine learning model using Random Forest on imagery from Sentinel-2 and NASADEM. We identified high seasonal variability in bofedal area with a total of 3.5% and 10.6% of each catchment area, respectively, at the end of the dry season (2020), which increased to 15.1% and 16.9%, respectively, at the end of the following wet season (2021). The hydrological observations and bofedal maps were combined into a hydrological conceptual model to estimate the storage and release characteristics of the bofedales, and their contribution to runoff at the catchment scale. Estimated lag times between 1 and 32 days indicate a prolonged bofedal flow contribution throughout the dry season (about 74% of total flow). Thus, our results suggest that bofedales provide substantial contribution to dry season baseflow, water flow regulation and storage. These findings highlight the importance of including bofedales in local water management strategies and adaptation interventions including nature-based solutions that seek to support long-term water security in seasonally dry and rapidly changing Andean catchments. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Towards co-produced water management pathways to counteract deteriorating mountain water quality in the deglaciating Peruvian Andes(Taylor & Francis, 2026-01-01)Glacier retreat has led to widespread downstream impacts increasing water insecurity. A growing number of catchments in the deglaciating Peruvian Andes is currently exposed to natural acid rock drainage which severely affects human and ecosystem health, and therefore urgently requires sustainable solutions. Yet, this challenging endeavour has barely been addressed in science and policy. We showcase the deglaciating Negro river catchment (Cordillera Blanca, Peru), to disentangle the complex spatiotemporal interactions between specific catchment characteristics, glacier retreat, water quality and local water governance. Therefore, in-situ measurements of water quality in rivers and wetlands are analysed against multidecadal glacier retreat. Our results reveal high acidity in glaciated subcatchments while deglaciated subcatchments indicate improved drinking water conditions, with considerable seasonal variability in rivers and wetlands. The results are jointly analysed with local villagers and decision-makers under a co-produced framework that supports strategies for adaptive management and policy to increase long-term mountain water security.