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Item type:Publication, Percepción de eficacia en el control de la corrupción y su relación con el clima socioemocional y la identidad nacional en el Perú: Un estudio experimental(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2021-07-21)This article reviews the definition of corruption and its individual, macro and micro-social correlates. In an experimental field study with a representative Peruvian sample (N = 1254), participants were informed of a highly effective legal management of corruption control (95% of cases were tried and punished) versus a control of low efficacy (only 5% were tried and punished). The induced information on the effectiveness in the control and sanction of corruption led to a greater perception of collective efficacy in dealing with deviation and a better balance of socio-emotional climate in the high-efficacy group. The most effective experimental induction interacted with interest in politics and produced a greater percep-tion of efficacy in the control of corruption and a better balance of socio-emotional climate in people of high interest. Additionally, it is observed that the identification with Peru increased only in people who previously trusted the justice system (judicial power) and who were informed of a high efficiency of corruption control. The results are discussed within the framework of the group dynamics of control of deviance and group identity and the importance of the institutional context and the level of interest in politics.1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Significados y efectos del voluntariado en los Juegos Panamericanos y Parapanamericanos Lima 2019 y el Proyecto Especial Legado(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-07-04)This study analyzes through a qualitative study of 4 focus groups (n=13) the meanings and effects of volunteering reported by volunteers of the Lima 2019 Pan American and Parapan American Games and the Special Legacy Project. On a personal level, positive emotions are reported, linked to the awareness of having been part of historic events, as well as experiences of personal and interpersonal growth. From the social point of view, favorable effects are reported for the construction of a sense of community, civic awareness and national pride. In the institutional framework, organizational and management aspects are identified that favor favorable conditions for the development of volunteer experiences that generate positive effects both personally and socially. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Happiness around the world: A combined etic-emic approach across 63 countries(Public Library of Science, 2020-12-01)What does it mean to be happy? The vast majority of cross-cultural studies on happiness have employed a Western-origin, or "WEIRD" measure of happiness that conceptualizes it as a self-centered (or "independent"), high-arousal emotion. However, research from Eastern cultures, particularly Japan, conceptualizes happiness as including an interpersonal aspect emphasizing harmony and connectedness to others. Following a combined emicetic approach (Cheung, van de Vijver & Leong, 2011), we assessed the cross-cultural applicability of a measure of independent happiness developed in the US (Subjective Happiness Scale; Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999) and a measure of interdependent happiness developed in Japan (Interdependent Happiness Scale; Hitokoto & Uchida, 2015), with data from 63 countries representing 7 sociocultural regions. Results indicate that the schema of independent happiness was more coherent in more WEIRD countries. In contrast, the coherence of interdependent happiness was unrelated to a country's "WEIRD-ness." Reliabilities of both happiness measures were lowest in African and Middle Eastern countries, suggesting these two conceptualizations of happiness may not be globally comprehensive. Overall, while the two measures had many similar correlates and properties, the self-focused concept of independent happiness is "WEIRD-er" than interdependent happiness, suggesting cross-cultural researchers should attend to both conceptualizations. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Reasons for facebook usage: Data from 46 countries(Frontiers Media SA, 2020-01-01)International audience - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Tell me what you are like and I will tell you what you believe in: Social representations of COVID-19 in the Americas, Europe and Asia(ISCTE, 2020-12-31)This study analyzes the range and content of Social Representations (SRs) about the COVID-19 pandemic in 21 geographical zones from 17 countries in the Americas, Europe and Asia (N = 4430). Based on Social Representations Theory, as well as the psychosocial consequences of pandemics and crises, we evaluate the perceptions of severity and risks, the agreement with different SRs, and participants’ Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) and Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA). Different sets of beliefs are discussed as SRs, together with their prevalence and association with contextual variables. Results show that severity and risk perceptions were associated with different SRs of the pandemic. Specifically, those focused on Emerging Externalizing zoonotic and ecological factors (the virus is due to Chinese unhygienic habits and the overexploitation of the planet), Polemic Conspiracies (the virus is a weapon), views of Elite and Mass Villains (the elites deceive us and profit with the pandemic), and Personal Responsibility (the neglectful deserves contagion) during the pandemic. Furthermore, most of the SRs are anchored in SDO and, more strongly, in RWA orientations. Additional meta-analyses and multi-level regressions show that the effects are replicated in most geographical areas and that risk perception was a consistent explanatory variable, even after controlling for demographics and ‘real risk’ (i.e., actual numbers of contagion and death). Results suggest that, while coping with and making sense of the pandemic, authoritarian subjects agree with SR that feed a sense of social control and legitimize outgroup derogation, and support punishment of ingroup low-status deviants. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Sex Differences in Mate Preferences Across 45 Countries: A Large-Scale Replication(SAGE Publishing, 2020-04-01)Considerable research has examined human mate preferences across cultures, finding universal sex differences in preferences for attractiveness and resources as well as sources of systematic cultural variation. Two competing perspectives—an evolutionary psychological perspective and a biosocial role perspective—offer alternative explanations for these findings. However, the original data on which each perspective relies are decades old, and the literature is fraught with conflicting methods, analyses, results, and conclusions. Using a new 45-country sample ( N = 14,399), we attempted to replicate classic studies and test both the evolutionary and biosocial role perspectives. Support for universal sex differences in preferences remains robust: Men, more than women, prefer attractive, young mates, and women, more than men, prefer older mates with financial prospects. Cross-culturally, both sexes have mates closer to their own ages as gender equality increases. Beyond age of partner, neither pathogen prevalence nor gender equality robustly predicted sex differences or preferences across countries. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The association between Truth Commissions evaluation, emotional climate and institutional trust: comparison and meta-analysis of surveys in six South American countries(Routledge, 2020-05-03)This article analyses the assessments of Truth Commissions (TCs) and their association with positive socio-emotional climate and trust in institutions in six South American countries The sample consisted of 4,442 participants (53.3% women), 13 to 90-years-old (M = 37.4, SD = 15.7). Participants answered a questionnaire comprised of scales that evaluated their knowledge, evaluation, emotions and social sharing about the TC, as well as the socio-emotional climate and the trust in institutions. Comprehensive Meta-analysis procedure and multiple linear regression were carried out. Positive evaluation of the TCs was related to trust in institutions (r̅ = .23, random model) and a positive socio-emotional climate (r̅ = .31, random model). Political positioning and age showed limited effects. Finally, the associations of positive TC evaluation with social climate and trust in institutions were found to be positively moderated by contextual factors. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Situational experience around the world: A replication and extension in 62 countries(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2020-12-01)Objective: The current study seeks to replicate and extend principal findings reported in The World at 7:00, a project that examined the psychological experience of situations in 20 countries. Method: Data were collected from participants in 62 countries (N = 15,318), recruited from universities by local collaborators to complete the study via a custom-built website using 42 languages. Results: Several findings of the previous study were replicated. The average reported situational experience around the world was mildly positive. The same countries tended to be most alike in reported situational experience (r =.60) across the two studies, among the countries included in both. As in the previous study, the homogeneity of reported situational experience was significantly greater within than between countries, although the difference was small. The previously reported exploratory finding that negative aspects of situations varied more across countries than positive aspects did not replicate. Correlations between aspects of reported situational experience and country-level average value scores, personality, and demographic variables were largely similar between the two studies. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of cross-cultural situational research and the need to replicate its results, and highlight the complex interplay of culture and situational experience. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Sex differences in human mate preferences vary across sex ratios(Royal Society Publishing, 2021-07-28)A wide range of literature connects sex ratio and mating behaviours in non-human animals. However, research examining sex ratio and human mating is limited in scope. Prior work has examined the relationship between sex ratio and desire for short-term, uncommitted mating as well as outcomes such as marriage and divorce rates. Less empirical attention has been directed towards the relationship between sex ratio and mate preferences, despite the importance of mate preferences in the human mating literature. To address this gap, we examined sex ratio's relationship to the variation in preferences for attractiveness, resources, kindness, intelligence and health in a long-term mate across 45 countries ( n = 14 487). We predicted that mate preferences would vary according to relative power of choice on the mating market, with increased power derived from having relatively few competitors and numerous potential mates. We found that each sex tended to report more demanding preferences for attractiveness and resources where the opposite sex was abundant, compared to where the opposite sex was scarce. This pattern dovetails with those found for mating strategies in humans and mate preferences across species, highlighting the importance of sex ratio for understanding variation in human mate preferences. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Reflecting upon the years of political violence in Peru: an experimental study to promote a culture of peace in higher education(Routledge, 2021-01-01)This article analyzes the effect of a pedagogic module, designed to help reflect on political violence in Peru, facilitating political and social attitudes directed toward promoting a culture of peace in higher education settings. As a main source of information for developing the module, Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) report was used. The effects of the module implementation were assessed with a 2 × 2 experimental design, with an experimental group (n = 59) and a control group (n = 62), with pre and post evaluations. Results show the effectiveness of the intervention with significant increases in self-reported knowledge about the TRC and its work, and an agreement that the CVR represented a viable and integrative view of the era of violence. Even more, the pedagogic module attained a reduction of attitudes favorable to violence, and also a reduction of conservative ideological discourses that appear as a risk factor in the expression of new conflicts due to collective motives in post-conflict societies. Nevertheless, the effects observed were limited in some aspects, and the article discusses the need for new dissemination mechanisms about the era of violence to complement the positive effects of the module in the aim of generating a culture of peace.