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Item type:Publication, Populism in Peru: populist attitudes and perception of the populist offer and its relationship with political cynicism and attitudes toward democracy(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022-12-20)Populism is a phenomenon that is gaining attention in Political Psychology. The goal of the current study was to determine the relationship between populist attitudes, based on the populist demand and the perception of the populist offer, and several indices of political cynicism and attitudes toward democracy in Peru. To do this, a quantitative correlational study including 391 participants from diverse Peruvian locations was carried out. Both populist attitudes and critical perception of the populist offer are found to be directly related to Political Cynicism in its dimensions of Political Distrust, Political Hopelessness, and Political Moral Laxity, and inversely related to the dimension of Political System Change. Similarly, both dimensions of populism are directly related to Democratic Support and inversely related to Democratic Satisfaction. The findings support the notion that populist attitudes emerge in the context of distrust of the system and express an ambivalent relationship with democracy. Furthermore, the various approaches developed by the social sciences to address the populist phenomenon are discussed in terms of their strengths and limitations. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Psychometric properties of a scale of attitudes toward musical genres linked to social groups in Peru(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2022-11-01)The present research seeks to develop a scale that can measure attitudes toward different musical expressions representative of different social groups, such as the Andean and Afro-Peruvian groups. The participants were 312 individuals between 18 and 83 years of age ( M = 32.42, SD = 14.97), and the majority had no professional musical knowledge. First, Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed using the Unweighted Least Squares as the extraction method and using Oblimin rotation for the Andean and Afro-Peruvian musical genres. An identical factorial structure with two dimensions was found for both musical genres, obtaining optimal reliability according to Cronbach’s alpha coefficients. This similarity was verified by performing an invariance analysis, obtaining evidence that the proposed scale can be used regardless of the musical genre. Furthermore, correlation analyses were performed between the dimensions of the attitudes scale and variables such as stereotypes (toward the Andean and Afro-Peruvian social groups) and conservative ideology; the results provided evidence of discriminant validity. Finally, comparisons were made between musicians and non-musicians using the same dimensions of the attitude scale as evidence for criterion validity. The results are discussed based on scale’s optimal psychometric functioning, as well as its implications at the level of intergroup dynamics. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Ideology and political cynicism: Effects of authoritarianism and social dominance on perceptions about the political system in 11 Ibero-American countries(Sociedad Interamericana de Psicologia, 2022-01-01)This study investigates; (1) how Political Cynicism is structured and, (2) how this structure relates to Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) in 11 Ibero-American countries (N=2388). The results show that the structure of Political Cynicism is composed of four dimensions: (1) Mistrust, (2) Perception of Corruption, (3) Need for Change and, (4) Political Moral Laxity. Furthermore, the study reveals that there is no homogeneous model of relations between the dimensions of Political Cynicism with RWA and SDO by country. However, at a general level it is noted that Mistrust acts as a diffuse indicator of dissatisfaction with the political system that increases Political Moral Laxity, while the Perception of Corruption, functions as a specific indicator of dissatisfaction that is directly associated with the Need for Change and, inversely, to Moral Laxity. Both RWA and SDO increase the negative manifestations of Political Cynicism, but the most interesting result is the stability of the observed relationship between SDO and Moral Laxity in 10 of the 11 countries considered in the study. The results are discussed in terms of the costs that Political Cynicism represents for the consolidation of Democracy, especially in its manifestation of moral laxity. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, A qualitative study on the social representations of populism and democracy in Peru(Frontiers Media SA, 2024-01-01)The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the social representations of democracy, populism and the relationship between both concepts in a sample of citizens from different regions of Peru (n = 76). To this end, a qualitative research design was proposed, using in-depth interviews, which were analyzed from a discursive approach. The results show that democracy and populism are two closely related concepts in tension. On the one hand, the social representation of democracy is semantically poor, closely related to electoral behavior and is seen as a political system that, ideally, is positively valued. Populism, on the other hand, is seen as a political strategy based on the manipulation of citizens' needs in order to reach power using the democratic process of elections. The representation of populism in general is negative, and it is mentioned that it appears and acquires strength in the face of citizen dissatisfaction with democracy, when it cannot solve problems of poverty, corruption or exclusion. The representations of populism take up the constitutive components proposed by different authors on the topic (people, elites and democracy as a product of popular will), but the participants do not necessarily structure the relationships between these components as proposed in the academic literature. Finally, the results shows that respondents' experiences with democracy and populism in Peru act as important socializing forces that will frame how citizens relate to politics and the public. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Indigenous Political Participation in Peru: A History of Racism, Exclusion, and Violence(Springer International Publishing, 2023-07-19)Peru is a country that was built upon ethnic and racial divisions, which had their origins in the time of the Spanish settlement. This division has established the way in which some social groups have accessed power, while others have remained aside. On the opposing side of the line are, in fact, the ethnic and racial groups that have been considered "indigenous". This gap between the high-and the low-status groups (among which the indigenous are considered) leads to a difference in the way both groups are granted access to the different spheres of power. Undoubtedly, throughout the country's history, this distance has conditioned the way in which indigenous groups have participated in the Peruvian political activity, and additionally the way in which they relate to the Peruvian government. This way, throughout history, the participation of the so-called "indigenous" groups has gone through a lack of political interest phases and through others of resistance to a politically centralized power that, traditionally, segregates them. Today, the relative modernization of the Peruvian government, as well as the incorporation of some of the demands of these groups, have allowed access to conventional mechanisms of political participation: (1) through the opening of public institutions and norms that have given the so-called indigenous groups a voice to participate in the government, and (2) through the presence (a minority, in fact) of some members of these groups that have been granted a place in the legislative power. Nevertheless, this conventional participation seems to be insufficient, and proof of this is the fact that, today, the struggles are taking place not only through conventional mechanisms of participation. Conversely, the resistance is still being channeled through social movements and community-based organizations, within a non-conventional space.