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Item type:Publication, From the Andes to the desert: First overview of the bacterial community in the Rimac river, the main source of water for Lima, Peru(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2020-08-16)Abstract Background The Rimac river is the main source of water for Lima, Peru’s capital megacity. The river is constantly affected by different types of contamination including mine tailings in the Andes and urban sewage in the metropolitan area. We aim to produce the first characterization of bacterial communities in the Rimac river using a 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing approach which would be useful to identify bacterial diversity and potential understudied pathogens. Results We report a higher diversity in bacterial communities from the Upper and, especially, Middle Rimac compared to the Lower Rimac (Metropolitan zone). Samples were generally grouped according to their geographical location. Bacterial classes Alphaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia, Campylobacteria, Fusobacteriia, and Gammaproteobacteria were the most frequent along the river. Arcobacter cryaerophilus (Campylobacteria) was the most frequent species in the Lower Rimac while Flavobacterium succinicans (Bacteroidia) and Hypnocyclicus (Fusobacteriia) were the most predominant in the Upper Rimac. Predicted metabolic functions in the microbiota include bacterial motility, quorum sensing and xenobiotics metabolism. Additional metabolomic analyses showed the presence natural flavonoids and antibiotics in the Upper Rimac, and herbicides in the Lower Rimac. Conclusions The dominance in the Metropolitan area of Arcobacter cryaerophilus , an emergent pathogen associated with fecal contamination and antibiotic multiresistance, but that is not usually reported in traditional microbiological quality assessments, highlights the necessity to apply next-generation sequencing tools to improve pathogen surveillance. We believe that our study will encourage the integration of omics sciences in Peru and its application on current environmental and public health issues. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Are Ionic Liquids Better Extracting Agents Than Toxic Volatile Organic Solvents? A Combination of Ionic Liquids, Microwave and LC/MS/MS, Applied to the Lichen Stereocaulon glareosum(Frontiers Media S.A., 2020-05-29)We report a green strategy for the extraction of lichen substances from Stereocaulon glareosum. This sustainable alternative does not use volatile toxic organic solvents, but it is assisted by microwave and is checked by UHPLC/ESI/MS/MS. Ionic liquids may provide a better alternative in the extraction of natural products from lichens. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Mass spectrometry: A rosetta stone to learn how fungi interact and talk(MDPI, 2020-06-01)Fungi are a highly diverse group of heterotrophic organisms that play an important role in diverse ecological interactions, many of which are chemically mediated. Fungi have a very versatile metabolism, which allows them to synthesize a large number of still little-known chemical compounds, such as soluble compounds that are secreted into the medium and volatile compounds that are chemical mediators over short and long distances. Mass spectrometry (MS) is currently playing a dominant role in mycological studies, mainly due to its inherent sensitivity and rapid identification capabilities of different metabolites. Furthermore, MS has also been used as a reliable and accurate tool for fungi identification (i.e., biotyping). Here, we introduce the readers about fungal specialized metabolites, their role in ecological interactions and provide an overview on the MS-based techniques used in fungal studies. We particularly present the importance of sampling techniques, strategies to reduce false-positive identification and new MS-based analytical strategies that can be used in mycological studies, further expanding the use of MS in broader applications. Therefore, we foresee a bright future for mass spectrometry-based research in the field of mycology. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Gender identity and sexual experience affect mating behaviour and chemical profile in the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2021-08-04)Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), the lesser mealworm, is one of the most significant pests of the poultry industry worldwide. These insects cause structural damage in poultry houses and transmit several diseases, impacting chickens’ productivity and rearing costs. Although semiochemicals may offer alternative insect pest management strategies, basic information regarding pheromone identity and their role on the behavioural ecology according to their circadian pattern of sexual behaviour of A. diaperinus is essentially lacking. This study is aimed to analyse the relation of gender identity and sexual experience of adults of A. diaperinus on their mating behaviour and whether this response is related to their CHC profiles secreted. The following steps were taken to achieve the study’s goal. First, the circadian pattern of their sexual activity was observed in newly emerged pairs for at least twenty-one days (virgin adults) and experienced adults collected from the field to identify a difference based on their sexual experience and achieve the optimal mating season to develop the following assays. Subsequently, Y-tube olfactometer bioassays were conducted to evaluate their odour bouquet attraction based on gender and sexual experience. Additionally, mating behaviour bioassays were conducted to evaluate the two factor effects. Finally, cuticular analysis was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to evaluate possible chemical differences based on the two factors. With statistical and multivariate analysis, we found that behavioural, mating and chemical responses are different based on their sexual experience. The mating sequences were described into precopulatory, copulatory and postcopulatory phases. This finding gives us a deeper understanding of the sexual communication during mating. In summary, our findings provide new insights into the mating system and chemical ecology of A. diaperinus . The results presented here may serve as a base for further studies to develop strategies for managing this pest. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, From the Andes to the desert: 16S rRNA metabarcoding characterization of aquatic bacterial communities in the Rimac River, the main source of water for Lima, Peru(Public Library of Science, 2021-04-01)The Rimac river is the main source of water for Lima, Peru's capital megacity. The river is constantly affected by different types of contamination including mine tailings in the Andes and urban sewage in the metropolitan area. In this work, we aim to produce the first characterization of aquatic bacterial communities in the Rimac river using a 16S rRNA metabarcoding approach which would be useful to identify bacterial diversity and potential understudied pathogens. We report a lower diversity in bacterial communities from the Lower Rimac (Metropolitan zone) in comparison to other sub-basins. Samples were generally grouped according to their geographical location. Bacterial classes Alphaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia, Campylobacteria, Fusobacteriia, and Gammaproteobacteria were the most frequent along the river. Arcobacter cryaerophilus (Campylobacteria) was the most frequent species in the Lower Rimac while Flavobacterium succinicans (Bacteroidia) and Hypnocyclicus (Fusobacteriia) were the most predominant in the Upper Rimac. Predicted metabolic functions in the microbiota include bacterial motility and quorum sensing. Additional metabolomic analyses showed the presence of some insecticides and herbicides in the Parac-Upper Rimac and Santa Eulalia-Parac sub-basins. The dominance in the Metropolitan area of Arcobacter cryaerophilus, an emergent pathogen associated with fecal contamination and antibiotic multiresistance, that is not usually reported in traditional microbiological quality assessments, highlights the necessity to apply next-generation sequencing tools to improve pathogen surveillance. We believe that our study will encourage the integration of omics sciences in Peru and its application on current environmental and public health issues. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Chemical signals associated with gender and sexual experience affect mating and the attractiveness of the poultry pest, Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)(Oxford University Press, 2022-08-01)Alphitobius diaperinus is one of the most significant pests in the poultry industry. Identifying the role of self-produced chemical signals can help control it. Here, we exposed adults to the olfactory signals of other adults of similar and different genders (either males or females) and sexual experiences (i.e., virgin and experienced) to assess their long-range attractiveness and, at short-range, their mating behavior responses (i.e., touching, mounting, and copulation). In olfactometric experiments, our results indicate that adults are attracted to the olfactory signals of other male adults, independently of gender, or sexual condition, indicating the presence of generalized long-range attractive signals, in contrast to female signals, can be both factor-dependent. However, in mating experiments, virgin males developed more robust mating responses (i.e., they mount and copulate longer with females) compared to sexually experienced males, even though they both have similar precopulatory behavioral responses (i.e., time of antennal and leg touching). These results address the importance of short-range chemical signals in eliciting copulation. Furthermore, when virgins of both genders were tested, their mating responses were significantly longer than any other pair combination, indicating that sexual experience also affects mating behavior. Chemical analyses of adult extracts showed that sexual experience, but not gender, is linked to differences in chemical profiles of adults, primarily involved in short-range signaling. These findings provide new insights into the attractiveness and mating responses of A. diaperinus and the role of sexual experience in shaping the behavior and chemical profile of insects that mate multiple times during their lifetime. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Lateralized Movements During the Mating Behavior, Which Are Associated with Sex and Sexual Experience, Increase the Mating Success in Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-10-01)In the present study, we explored the effects of displacement directionality in mating behavior (i.e., lateralized and non-lateralized movements) on mating success (i.e., copulation occurs) and efficiency (i.e., time length at which copulation is achieved), and its association with sex and sexual experience in A. diaperinus. To do so, we carried out mating experiments and recorded the behavior of the mating pair during the whole mating sequence (i.e., precopulatory and copulatory phases). During the precopulatory phase, independently of sex and sexual experience, all beetles performed non-lateralized (i.e., backside or frontside) approaches; however, only sexually experienced beetles showed lateralized approaches (i.e., right-side and left-side). Notably, experienced males exhibited greater mating success than virgin males. After the approach, both virgin and experienced males displayed lateralized and non-lateralized mounts on the females with distinct mating success. Regardless of their sexual experience, 100% of successful mating attempts were achieved when males mounted from the females’ right side. Furthermore, the development of lateralized approaches and mounts reduces the time of mating sequence span compared with non-lateralized behaviors. We highlight the importance of lateralization in mating behavior and sexual experience to achieve higher mating success, addressing a potential learning ability of beetles based on experience.