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    Geometric phases arising from strong measurements of weak values
    (Institute of Physics, 2024-12-01)
    Geometric phases and weak values (WVs) are two fundamental concepts that were originally introduced in the realm of quantum mechanics. In the course of time, it became clear that the two concepts apply in both the quantum domain and the classical domain. Moreover, the two concepts proved to be intimately connected with one another, as disclosed by Sjöqvist some years ago (Sjöqvist 2006 Phys. Lett. A 359 187). WVs were so named in reference to very weak couplings between a system’s observable, e.g. light polarization, and its measuring device, the ‘pointer’. However, the actual definition of WVs does not involve the system-pointer coupling strength. We have addressed the strong coupling regime both theoretically and experimentally, thereby obtaining geometric phases out of WVs. We report experimental results as a proof-of-concept, using classical light beams and single-shot images. Our approach applies without essential modifications also to single photons.
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    Stokes vector characterization by strongly measuring weak values
    (Optica Publishing Group (formerly OSA), 2024-04-01)
    We report the implementation of a non-standard procedure to perform Stokes polarimetry, which was recently proposed by considering weak value measurements. Our procedure is not restricted to weak measurements but applies for both weak and strong couplings between the observable being measured; the polarization (spin) vector; and the measuring device, the “pointer.” In optics, the polarization-pointer coupling is usually implemented with a birefringent crystal. This applies in the weak coupling regime. We overcame this limitation by using an alternative setup in which one can go from weak to strong couplings by tuning a moveable mirror. We carried out our proof-of-concept experiments with a laser beam, the image of which was recorded and processed on a charge-coupled device. Our results illustrate that some concepts, originally introduced in a quantum context, in fact refer to properties that are common to both quantum and classical phenomena.
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    Testing precision and accuracy of weak value measurements in an IBM quantum system
    (American Institute of Physics Inc., 2024-03-01)
    Historically, weak values have been associated with weak measurements performed on quantum systems. Over the past two decades, a series of works have shown that weak values can be determined via measurements of arbitrary strength. One such proposal by Denkmayr et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 010402 (2017)], carried out in neutron interferometry experiments, yielded better outcomes for strong than for weak measurements. We extend this scheme and explain how to implement it in an optical setting as well as in a quantum computational context. Our implementation in a quantum computing system provided by IBM confirms that weak values can be measured, with varying degrees of performance, over a range of measurement strengths. However, at least for this model, strong measurements do not always perform better than weak ones.