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Item type:Publication, The earliest adobe monumental architecture in the Americas(National Academy of Sciences, 2021-11-30)Adobe bricks, or mud bricks, are construction elements which have defined major architectural traditions in the Andes over thousands of years. From Moche pyramids and the ancient city of Chan Chan in pre-Hispanic times, to Spanish casonas of the colonial period and rural houses in contemporary South America, adobe has been a central component in Andean architecture. Discovery of the remains of an early monumental building constructed primarily of adobes at Los Morteros (lower Chao Valley, north coast of Peru) places the invention of adobe architecture before 5,100 calendar years B.P. The unique composition, internal structure, and chronology of the adobes from Los Morteros show the beginnings of this architectural technique, which is associated with El Niño rainfall and the construction of the earliest adobe monumental building in the Americas. We propose that adobe architecture became a major Andean tradition after a long period of technical evolution and experimentation with both shape and composition. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Climate Change and El Niño Events in the Ancient Andes: Integrating Archaeological and Biorchaeological Perspectives(Springer Nature, 2026-01-01)Our primary goals for this paper include stimulating further interdisciplinary studies of El Niño events, especially those that combine archaeological and bioarchaeological knowledge with that derived from environmental sciences. In so doing, we review recent archaeological and bioarchaeological studies of El Niño events in both northern and southern Peru, regions with distinct susceptibilities to such profound climatic events but likely to exhibit similar human responses. In addition, we illustrate the significance of studying the past in mitigating the impact of El Niño events today. We also note the ways early colonial policies exacerbated the impact of El Niño in cultures where earlier coping strategies were overlooked. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Assessing the effectiveness of the one paleopathology workshop(University of Oxford, 2026-01-01)Background and objectives: One Paleopathology is a novel concept in Paleopathology that extends the One Health paradigm into the past. A workshop at the University of Durham, UK, was held prior to the 2024 International Society for Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health (ISEMPH) meeting, firstly to define and expand the concept of One Paleopathology and secondly to generate transdisciplinary research and outreach under this framework. This article presents a logic model to evaluate how effectively the workshop met its goals. Methodology: Two surveys were conducted, one immediately following the workshop and at the 1-year mark. These surveys assess the direct outputs from the workshop-tangible research and outreach products-as well as changes in participants' attitudes toward One Paleopathology and the degree to which transdisciplinarity was incorporated into resulting projects. Results: Both the outputs (direct products of the workshop activities) and outcomes (changes in knowledge or attitude because of the activities) of the workshop suggest that the goals are being met. The first goal, to define and expand the concept of One Paleopathology, was met, with participants expressing strong acceptance of the framework. The second goal-generating transdisciplinary research-is reflected in eight ongoing projects initiated at the workshop. Conclusions and implications: The workshop structure and outcomes assessment presented here evaluate an initial effort in effecting conceptual change in the social sciences. Participants were enthusiastic about One Paleopathology, and over the following year new collaborations and research agendas aligned with the concept emerged. Importantly, participants reported integrating transdisciplinarity into their long-term research, indicating that the workshop had a sustained impact.