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Item type:Publication, The commercial circuit in the South Pacific during the war between Spain and England seen through a triad of connected merchants, 1796-1816(Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. Jose Maria Luis Mora, 2020-01-01)Durante el período entre 1796 y 1814 el comercio a distancia en el Imperio español sufrió varios desequilibrios debido a las constantes guerras que España mantuvo con Inglaterra y Francia. En este trabajo nos acercamos a un grupo de comerciantes que lograron mantener contacto entre los virreinatos del Perú y del Río de la Plata, el puerto de Valparaíso (Chile) y Europa, a través de la interrelación de las rutas de cabotaje que cubrían los diferentes puertos del Pacífico y la ruta transatlántica de conexión entre el continente europeo y América. Se trata de una historia del comercio intercontinental y de contacto, que como perspectiva de análisis nos permite visualizar las conexiones entre el gran comercio y el comercio de cabotaje en épocas de guerra a través de la circulación de hombres y mercancías en un período de vicisitudes bélicas. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Foreign Traders in South America and the Financing of the Independence Wars, 1820-1830(Universitat de Barcelona, Facultad de Economia y Empresa, 2023-01-09)Studying commerce and traders from a global perspective allows us to analyze the material and cultural exchanges that took place beyond national borders, which are often obscured by traditional historical perspectives centered on the nation. This wide terrain is explored here by addressing — and visualizing — the interrelations between the South American ports of Lima, Valparaíso and Buenos Aires, from the vantage point of independent Peru. To do so, we study the links among foreign merchants who were rooted or closely connected to such ports in the context of the South American wars of independence. War placed Peru in a disastrous economic situation, a circumstance that foreign merchants exploited by becoming the main lenders to the new State, which struggled to cover the expenses of the army to sustain the war. These businessmen created a mercantile network that bridged the boundaries of the recently created nation-states and testified to their great business skills as it broke the economic system of commercial control that had prevailed during three hundred years. Research in Peruvian Governmental, Notary, and Customs documentation unveils their ability to act as agents, negotiate loans and purchases, and take advantage of the wartime crisis to become the main providers of weaponry and military supplies and acquire a privileged position. Since South America was not prepared to reach its independence in the early 19th century without an army, without money, or without weaponry, the nascent states’ economic and financial dependence on foreign traders that started during these times was in a sense inevitable.