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Item type:Publication, Impact of measured spectrum variation on solar photovoltaic efficiencies worldwide(Elsevier Ltd, 2022-08-01)In photovoltaic power ratings, a single solar spectrum, AM1.5, is the de facto standard for record laboratory efficiencies, commercial module specifications, and performance ratios of solar power plants. More detailed energy analysis that accounts for local spectral irradiance, along with temperature and broadband irradiance, reduces forecast errors to expand the grid utility of solar energy. Here, ground-level measurements of spectral irradiance collected worldwide have been pooled to provide a sampling of geographic, seasonal, and diurnal variation. Applied to nine solar cell types, the resulting divergence in solar cell efficiencies illustrates that a single spectrum is insufficient for comparisons of cells with different spectral responses. Cells with two or more junctions tend to have efficiencies below that under the standard spectrum. Silicon exhibits the least spectral sensitivity: relative weekly site variation ranges from 1% in Lima, Peru to 14% in Edmonton, Canada. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Measurement and Analysis of Annual Solar Spectra at Different Installation Angles in Central Europe(Elsevier Ltd, 2023-12-01)The solar spectra in outdoor installations is very seldom equal to that under standard test conditions. This points to the importance of measuring, analyzing and understanding the implications of solar spectra variations with respect to the performance of solar cells. In this work, we present and analyze one year of sun spectra measured at two different angles in central Europe, where the spectrometers were installed at the optimum inclination angle and in vertical orientation, the latter being relevant for building integrated photovoltaics. We report for the first time the differences between the two inclination angles in terms of key performance indicators, such as average photon energy, blue fraction and spectral factor. Moreover, we show the impact of these spectral changes on the maximum current density of ideal single-junction and tandem devices in tilted and vertical orientations. Red-shifted solar spectra were more often found at the vertical installation in comparison to the optimum installation angle, which translated into up to 30% lower current-mismatch losses in idealized tandem devices throughout the year.