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Item type:Publication, Herding behavior in the Chinese stock market and the impact of COVID-19(Universidad de Chile, 2022-12-01)We analyze herding behavior in the Chinese stock markets in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic using the cross-sectional absolute deviation (CSAD) model proposed by We consider stock prices for all firms listed (A-shares) on the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SHSE) and Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE) in China. We report the presence of herding behavior during the period under study and that herding behavior becomes stronger after December 31, 2019 (the COVID-19 event date). We also study herding activity in the context of potential asymmetries in market return and volatility states. The results show that when the market return is high and the volatility is low, there is a more predominant herding behavior trend. Our results do not depend on using different time windows. Results do not change when time-varying coefficients are considered using rolling regressions. Other control variables which may be relevant in explaining CSAD do not change the results when included in the estimations. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The Relationship Between Dividend Payout and Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU), Ownership Concentration and Free Cash Flow in Chile(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023-01-01)This study examines how the dividend payout of Chilean firms is associated with economic policy uncertainty (EPU), while controlling for ownership concentration and free cash flow, to consider agency problems. Its contribution is twofold. First, it detects a non-linear, U-shaped relation between EPU and dividend payout, which is a novel finding. Second, this result holds only in cases of high EPU. No significant relationship in cases of low EPU was detected. The sample comprises an unbalanced panel data of 1034 observations from 2005 to 2016. Including ownership concentration as an independent variable leads to a negative association between it and dividend payout, showing a potential agency problem between the main shareholder and the minorities. If free cash flow is considered in the model, then the results show a positive relation between free cash flow and dividend payout, which implies the mitigation of the agency problem. Finally, once both variables (ownership concentration and free cash flow) are considered together as explanatory variables, only free cash flow turns out to be statistically significant and positively associated with dividend payout. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The Impact of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Score on Dividend Payment of Large Family Firms: What Is the Role of Financial Constraints? International Evidence(Wiley, 2023-12-12)This article studies the relationship between environmental, social and governance (ESG) score and dividend payment for 274 large family firms in the period 2015–2021. This research has three contributions to the literature. First, to the best of our knowledge this is the first article to focus on large family firms considering their greater importance in stock ownership around the world. Second, this sample covers both developed and emerging nations. Third, our study not only establishes a connection between ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) criteria and dividend payments but also considers how financial constraints moderate the relationship between ESG scores and dividend payments. The results indicate a positive influence of ESG scores on dividend payments. Furthermore, financial constraints of family firms are negatively related to dividend payments. Finally, the moderating effect of financial constraints on the relationship between dividend payment and ESG show that for high levels of financial constraints that dividends are less sensitive to ESG score. The opposite effect is reported when firms show low levels of financial constraints. Practically speaking, the study demonstrates the value of creating a dividend policy that is in line with the ESG score because they are complementary signals. Additionally, it is important to consider financial limitations when planning financial reserves in family firms. This is due to the diminished correlation between ESG score and dividend payments in the presence of financial constraints. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The Impact of ESG on the Default Risk of Family Firms: International Evidence(Elsevier BV, 2023-10-10)This research is focused on studying the relationship between ESG performance and default risk of family firms. The sample consists of the 500 largest family firms worldwide (including all continents) for the period 2015–2021. This study shows a positive and a statistically significant relationship between ESG score and Z-score. This is confirmed for ESG environmental and ESG social scores. We include ownership concentration of family members as well as the percentage of family members in the board of directors. In the first case, we detect a non-linear relationship between ownership concentration and Z-score (inverted U shape) and for the second variable we find a negative relationship between the family participation in the board and Z-score. Finally, financial constraints of family firms reduce the impact of ESG score on Z-score. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The Impact of ESG Performance on the Value of Family Firms: The Moderating Role of Financial Constraints and Agency Problems(MDPI, 2023-04-01)The main objective of this research is to shed more light on how ESG may be seen as a valuable investment for family firms. We study the impact of ESG performance on the value of family firms by considering the moderating role played by financial constraints and agency costs. Using an international sample of 254 firms that belong to the 500 largest family-owned firms worldwide over the period 2015–2021, we report that the overall ESG score is positively associated with firm value. Among the three ESG components, we find that environmental and social performances have a positive and statistically significant impact on firm value. However, we find no evidence of any significant effect of governance score on firm value. More importantly, we also find that the impact of ESG performance on firm value is lower under the presence of financial constraints and agency costs. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, How Does China Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) Impact Copper-Firms’ Stock Returns and Copper Prices Returns?(Emerald Publishing, 2023-06-29)This study focuses on how China EPU may impact copper-firms stock returns and also how China EPU mediates between stock returns and copper prices returns. Design/methodology/approach: The sample consists of 44 copper firms from January 2011 to March 2022. The study also considers a subsample of 29 net-exporters countries. Panel data methodology is used, allowing to control for unobservable heterogeneity and endogeneity problems. The equations are estimated through a dynamic panel using the generalized methods of moments (GMM). Findings: China EPU has a negative and statistically significant relationship with stock returns. Copper price returns are positively associated with stock returns. This research also considers two scenarios: high and low levels of China EPU. For high levels of China EPU states it is reported a negative relationship between stock returns and China EPU and copper price returns show a positive relationship with stock returns. Research limitations/implications: There is need to explore other metals for what China exhibits a high demand and observe if China EPU and Global EPU have similar impacts on stock returns. It will be useful to identify main firm's consumers of copper and these other metals to explore the relationship between EPU and stock returns. Originality/value: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper that analyzes China EPU index and its impact on both copper-firms stocks returns and on changes in copper prices. This is done using all public copper firms worldwide. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, How Does Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) Impact Copper-Firms’ Stock Returns? International Evidence(Elsevier Ltd, 2023-03-01)Using monthly data, we study 43 copper firms between January 2011 and March 2022. We analyze how copper-firms stock returns depend on copper-spot prices returns. Nevertheless, the main contribution of this article is to study how changes in Global EPU (GEPU) and Local EPU may impact on copper-firms stock returns and how both of them may influence the sensitivity of stock returns to copper prices returns. We find that both GEPU and Local EPU have a statistically significant and negative impact on stock returns. We also study regimes of high and low levels of EPU (Global and Local). For high levels of GEPU we find a negative relationship between stock returns and GEPU and for low levels of GEPU we detect a positive relationship. We also consider how high levels and low levels of Local EPU impact the relationship between copper spot returns and stock returns. When there are high levels of GEPU the sensitivity of stock returns to copper spot returns increases and the opposite is verified when there are low levels of GEPU. Using Local EPU we do not find significant changes in the sensitivity of stock returns to copper spot returns. As robustness test, we consider firms from other four industries (Gold, Oil, Electric Distribution and Gas Distribution). Most of the results show different behavior in each industry regarding the association between EPU and stock returns. We also run the main equations considering a six-factor model for returns (five factors from Fama and French) and the momentum factor. Finally, we do the analysis for copper future returns (90 days and 15 months), reporting similar results. We do not find significant changes in the results after doing all the robustness checking. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Herding Behavior of Business Groups During COVID-19: Evidence in Chile(Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 2023-01-01)This article investigates whether herding behavior is present in stock returns of business groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using series of prices and daily traded volume of the companies that make up the General Index of Stock Prices of the Santiago de Chile Stock Exchange (S&P/CLIGPA) from January 1, 2010 to October 9, 2020 the results show herding behavior during COVID-19. Nevertheless, the herding behavior is weaker in business group firms compared to companies which are not affiliated to business groups. Then, when analyzing how herding behavior evolves in business groups during the presence of COVID-19, it is found that herding behavior changes to reverse herding behavior during May 2020 onwards. When inquiring about this point, it is found that herding behavior in business groups is lower under increasing uncertainty (number of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 increases).