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Item type:Publication, Technology forecasting on functional chocolates and their manufacturing technology(RELX Group (Netherlands), 2022-01-01) - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Effect of tempering and cocoa butter equivalents on crystallization kinetics, polymorphism, melting, and physical properties of dark chocolates(Elsevier BV, 2022-12-29)The high price and scarcity of cocoa butter (CB) motivate the search for new cocoa butter equivalents (CBE) for manufacturing dark chocolates. Using CBEs in combination with tempering regimens is an option to produce fine chocolates. Thus, CBEs' thermal properties and crystallization kinetics were studied, and the effect of CBE, and tempering regimes on the crystallization kinetics, polymorphism, melting, and physical properties of dark chocolates were determined. The CBE consisted of CB mixtures with coconut oil (CB/CNO) and sacha inchi oil (CB/SIO) in concentrations of 55/45 and 65/35, respectively. CBEs combined with two tempering regimes (high and low) were used to produce Ch-CNO and Ch-SIO dark chocolates, whose thermal data were obtained by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. The adjustment of thermal data to the Avrami equation permitted us to determine that both factors accelerated the crystallization process up to 7.25 ± 0.18 min in Ch-CNO and 7.08 ± 0.15 min in Ch-SIO and produced spherical and plate-like geometries crystallized nuclei. Also, they generated 90.3 ± 1.18 of form β2 in Ch-CNO and 92.56 ± 1.49 in Ch-SIO. Moreover, the chocolates' texture, rheology, color, and melting properties were within acceptable limits. Therefore, using coconut oil and sacha inchi oil as an alternative to traditional CBEs in dark chocolates is feasible. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Food Technology Forecasting: A Bibliometric Update in Functional Chocolates(Elsevier Ltd, 2023-09-01)Technology forecasting (TF) based on bibliometric tools allows knowing the technological trends of developed topics based on experience and current knowledge, thus anticipating future changes. To reduce hunger and improve nutrition, the food-based topic is of central concern, especially functional food. Among these, various studies on chocolates have been performed. On a global scale, these products are at the level of patents, with China leading it, vastly outperforming the cocoa-producing countries. Though no known functional chocolates are sold under that specific name, chocolates on the market serve as “carriers” of bioactive compounds. Unfortunately, they cannot be attributed to health properties since these properties have to be evaluated with in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Launching functional chocolate on the market is possible; however, it would be a long-term process involving previous stages such as studying its ingredients' bioactive properties, laboratory-level product development, functional properties, and quality and acceptance parameters. For research purposes, it is possible to speak of functional chocolates, potentially functional chocolates, or chocolates enriched with bioactive compounds since the development of research does not necessarily involve launching the product on the market. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Dynamic profile of metabolites and volatile compounds in post-harvest cocoa beans until chocolate production(Springer Science+Business Media, 2026-03-01)Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is a major source of bioactive compounds, both volatile and non-volatile, that determine the characteristic aroma and flavor of chocolate. This review examines how post-harvest and industrial stages influence the transformation and formation of these compounds, considering differences among varieties such as Criollo, Forastero, Trinitario, and Nacional. Key compounds are identified, including pyrazines, esters, aldehydes, alcohols, acids, ketones, and terpenes, and their association with floral, fruity, roasted, and bitter aromatic notes. The review also addresses the use of strategies such as controlled fermentation with starter cultures to enhance the sensory profile of cocoa. However, important gaps remain regarding the identification of volatile compounds that are specific to each processing stage, and a complete understanding of the dynamic evolution of volatile and non-volatile metabolites during chocolate production is still lacking. Therefore, further research is required to elucidate how post-harvest practices, technological processes, and cocoa genetics influence the sensory quality of the beans and the final product.1