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Item type:Publication, Rope mesh as a seismic reinforcement for two‑storey adobe Buildings(2022)Throughout the world, millions of people are at risk because they live in unreinforced earthen dwellings, which have consistently shown extremely poor structural behaviour during earthquakes. Every single earthquake occurring in these areas has caused unacceptable loss of life, injuries, and property damage. Earthquakes are recurrent and construction damage is cumulative. It is urgent, therefore, to devise low-cost, easy-to-implement seismic reinforcement systems and to make them available to the actual dwellers. A group of researchers at the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú has been working towards that goal, especially on improving the seismic capacity of one-storey adobe dwellings. They have proposed construction methodologies for a seismic reinforcement system consisting of a mesh of nylon ropes that confines all earthen walls. This reinforcement system would control the wall displacements and prevent the overturning of wall portions that may occur due to seismic shaking. To validate the effectiveness of the nylon rope mesh reinforcement on two-storey adobe dwellings, shaking table tests were conducted on unreinforced and half-scale reinforced adobe models, simulating the actions of slight, moderate and strong seismic ground shaking. These models were designed to include the main construction features of typical adobe dwellings in the Peruvian Andes. The results of the experimental tests showed that the rope mesh reinforcement system was able to preserve the structural stability of the tested reduced-scale adobe models under strong motions, thus preventing collapse. It is expected that the proposed reinforced system would also improve the seismic performance of one and two-storey adobe dwellings, reducing in this way their inherent high seismic risk. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Structural Health Monitoring of Chadra Hauly (Khorezm, Uzbekistan) by Means of Laser Scanning(American Institute of Physics Inc., 2025-04-03)The paper focused on the structural health monitoring of Chadra Hauly, which is located in Khorezm, Uzbekistan. As one of the first steps of the structural health monitoring project, a laser scanning project was conducted. This four-story building was scanned by a terrestrial laser scanner with surveying grade accuracy. As a result, an accurate digital twin of the monument was created. This heritage building represents a common construction method, the so-called pakhsa, that utilizes earthen materials (adobe). The analysis presented herein shows that walls are tapered, and the taper can be quantified for any location throughout the monument. In addition, it shows that there is significant sagging of both floors and ceilings of the building, which might be related to termite infestations. In the next phase of the project, the resonant frequencies of the building will be measured in ambient vibration tests. The performance of the numerical model under various loadings will be investigated to develop strategies for its preservation.1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, State of the Art of Earthquake Resistant Earthen Construction in Colombia and Peru: From Laboratory and Numerical Research to a Latin American Construction Standard(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2026-01-01)The construction of earthen buildings is an ancient practice that cultures worldwide have used for centuries. These construction methods are experiencing a renaissance due to their sustainability, low cost, and reduced carbon footprint, which are goals to be achieved according to the 2030 Agenda. For this reason, earthen materials have become an attractive option for housing construction in Latin America and initiatives for research programs in Europe. However, several earthquakes have shown that rammed earth and adobe buildings are vulnerable, so this type of construction must have a reinforcement system. Despite regulations for designing and reinforcing earthen buildings in different countries, only Peru and Colombia have conducted comprehensive experimental and numerical research on earthen constructions in Latin America. Using the continent’s top structural laboratories, Colombian and Peruvian researchers have performed shaking table tests on housing modules and pseudo-static tests on entire and half-scale walls to probe different strengthening materials. Some of these reinforcement alternatives have given the earthen houses adequate strength and displacement capacity for moderate to high-intensity earthquakes. Based on the above, this document summarizes and discusses the experimental work conducted by different researchers and the general guidelines for a Latin American standard for the design of earthquake-resistant earthen dwellings, considering the construction methods and reinforcement techniques that have been validated in the continent during the last 50 years. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Recommendations for the Construction of Land Terraces with Stone Walls in Earthquake-Prone Zones in Central Andes(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2026-01-01)Terraces supported by traditional dry stone walls, known as pircas, have been constructed on the slopes of urban areas in certain countries in South America over the past few decades. These terraces are intended for housing and green spaces. The current stone-cutting technique and terrace layout quality are notoriously inferior to those used during the pre-Hispanic period. As a result, the structural performance of modern terraces under service or eventual loads during their lifespan is uncertain, having failed in recent seismic events with severe consequences for the residents. The conditions under which it is safe to use pircas for land terracing are unknown, considering the expected intensity level, their use, and their lifespan. This work aims to establish these conditions with a risk-based approach. The study focuses on the terraces of the Peruvian Andes. Firstly, the fragility curves for typical terraces are estimated based on previous experimental data and the analytical estimation of the out-of-plane forces acting on the pirca. The seismic hazard was characterized by the annual exceedance rate of peak ground acceleration. Then, the annual probability of collapse is obtained. Based on international reliability standards, it is concluded that the use of pircas for housing must be restricted to low-hazard areas in the Peruvian territory. However, using them in urban agriculture, green corridors, or erosion mitigation projects is feasible, even in high-seismicity zones. Finally, some recommendations for constructing safe vernacular terraces compatible with local practices and traditions are provided.