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Item type:Publication, Soil quality assessment from areas of great mining interest using the grey clustering method(IJETAE Publication House, 2022-11-01)Mining is one of the most important activities in Peru, although controversial because it is currently highly criticized for generating environmental liabilities that mostly contain a high content of metals which contaminate the different environmental components such as water., soil, air, biodiversity and social among others, for the study and analysis of the soil in a specific area we will use the grey clustering methodology, which determines, based on the grey systems and it should be noted that for this analysis it was also used as a reference the parameters defined by the Kelley Directives, a clustering coefficient through various calculations and with these define the level of soil contamination in 5 sectors located in the communities of Michiquillay and La Encañada. With the calculated grey clustering coefficients, it was determined that, of the five sectors, only the Michiquillay sector presents a slight level of contamination, and the other sectors are in uncontaminated soils, at least for the parameters that were selected. Mining activity, the authorities in charge of measuring the environmental impact in the sector, can proceed to investigate and infract if the permitted limits are exceeded and these have not been correctly remedied. The results of this study could be an important contribution for the analysis of soil contamination and the impact on the same of future mining projects that are developed in Michiquillay and La Encañada communities studied, how much the natural conditions of the soils have changed after the operation of the mine. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Model based on grey systems to assess water quality from mines in operation and environmental liabilities(Seventh Sense Research Group, 2022-09-01)Currently, water is essential for human activities, as it is an indispensable source for life and human development. However, one of the main problems that today's society presents is the contamination of water bodies, which reduces water quality. In addition, it generates social conflicts because a body of water contaminated with heavy metals or other wastes can cause critical illnesses. The case study focuses on La Libertad, Peru. There are two open pit mines and several mining environmental liabilities; close to these mines is the Moche River. The methodology used in this paper was the grey clustering method that uses the center-point triangular whitenization weight functions, also known as CTWF, which is based on grey systems. The results showed that there is contamination around the monitoring points around the mining companies and environmental liabilities since these monitoring points present subcategory A3, which is, according to Peruvian legislation, a type of water that needs to be purified with advanced treatment. These results could help to inform the state about the risks presented in the water body so that the governmental entity can proceed to carry out actions to monitor and control effluents from mining environmental liabilities present in the area and mining units. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Assessment of water quality in Titicaca Lake, Peru using the grey clustering method(International Association of Engineers, 2022-01-01)Due to the effect of pollution in water bodies such as lakes, lagoons, rivers, among others, the application of methodologies, to assess water quality, lead the analysis of the various components and parameters from altered environmental. In this way, the grey clustering method is a good alternative to evaluate the quality of water, considering that it simplifies a complex system; it groups the same types of factors in their individual categories without losing information. This study evaluated the water quality of the aquatic ecosystem in the Titicaca Lake watershed (Peruvian sector), by the results of the monitoring of water quality in Titicaca Lake, carried out by the National Water Authority (ANA) from Peru. According to the monitoring points, they were divided into four study areas and the parameters studied were chlorophyll content (Chla), total nitrogen (NT), total phosphorus (PT) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results of the evaluation showed that 45% of the monitoring points of the Titicaca Lake watershed present an upper mesotrophic level, classified as an acceptable water quality and 55% present a eutrophic level, classified as a poor water quality. This means that the degree of water pollution in the Titicaca Lake watershed is high because there are discharge of sewage and solid waste without any type of treatment. Finally, the results obtained could be of great help to environmental NGOs, local and regional authorities, to improve the environmental management programs in the Titicaca Lake watershed. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Surface water quality assessment on a wetland in Peru using grey systems(International Association of Engineers, 2022-01-01)Coastal wetlands play a fundamental role, as they give diverse ecosystem services to humanity. However, due to anthropic activities that take place in the coastal region, large areas of wetlands are being lost. A case in Peru is the Pantanos de Villa, a coastal wetland located in the district of Chorrillos and which after several years today represents an area of 263.27 hectares. In Peru, there are regulations and water quality indices, but there is not one specifically for wetlands. This work aims to propose a wetland water quality index based on international standards that have been used in the evaluation of water quality of wetlands, whose parameters adopted from these standards are dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, pH, nitrates, total phosphorus and total dissolved solids. The grey clustering method, which is based on grey systems, was used, as this method allows knowing and systemically understanding the behavior of the wetland. The index was applied to assess water quality of the Mayor, Genesis and Marvilla lagoons of Pantanos de Villa. The experimental data was obtained from the results of the monitoring carried out by the Municipal Authority of Pantanos de Villa from September 2020 to March 2021. The results showed that the three lagoons present a level of severe contamination.