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    Regulatory Gap Versus Performance Reality: Thermal Assessment of a Social Housing Module in the Peruvian Andes
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025)
    In high-altitude regions of the Global South, social housing programs are essential for mitigating vulnerability to low temperatures, but their standardized designs often fail to meet thermal performance codes. This study evaluates a “Sumaq Wasi” adobe housing module in the Peruvian Andes (Kunturkanki, 4237 m a.s.l.) during the 2023 frost season. We comparatively applied the 2014 and 2022 draft versions of the Peruvian standard EM.110 to assess the building envelope’s thermal transmittance and condensation risk, benchmarking monitored indoor temperatures against adaptive comfort models. The results revealed widespread non-compliance with thermal transmittance limits, especially for the roof and floor, although condensation risk was low. While indoor temperatures failed to meet conventional standards, they aligned with regionally adapted comfort ranges. We conclude that the standardized module design is insufficient for local climatic demands and argue that social housing policies must evolve, balancing regulatory stringency with context-aware bioclimatic design to be effective.
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    Evaluating thermal comfort models in high-altitude rural areas of the peruvian andes
    (Universidad del Bio Bio, 2025)
    Cold indoor environments in rural Andean housing raise concerns about thermal comfort, yet the applicability of existing comfort models to these contexts remains insufficiently examined. This study has compared predictions from five thermal comfort models, including PMV, aPMV, and regional approaches, against field data. Data were collected from 154 residents of Langui (3,969 m.a.s.l.) through culturally adapted surveys and environmental measurements. The aPMV model showed the highest agreement with thermal sensation votes, achieving 58.4% accuracy (±1 category), and enabled the definition of a comfort range between 14 °C and 25 °C. The results emphasize the need for local design criteria that address cold indoor conditions in Andean housing.
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