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Item type:Publication, Mining and urbanization: ways of generating water insecurity in Andean territories(Elsevier, 2021-09-01)Mining has historically facilitated urban growth, and water access in towns and cities has become one of the most prevalent and divisive of the unresolved problems surrounding mining. Urban areas in the vicinity of large-scale mining ventures endure chronic water shortages, and these areas often turn to remote water sources to meet their needs even partially. This article investigates how urbanization processes generated by mining developments have impacted water insecurity in Andean territories. To this end, we conduct a comparative analysis of water provision via two case studies that represent different urbanization models stemming from mining in Andean territories: the concentrated model observed in the Espinar case in Peru and the scattered model witnessed in Jáchal case in Argentina. Drawing on the water security concept, which considers the ways in which water is articulated, we argue that current mining developments generate urbanization processes that, despite the different models, reinforce water insecurity through the dimensions of power, culture, and visions of development. We follow a contextualized comparative case study method. Our analysis of the case studies draws on data collected through ethnographic instruments such as in-depth and semi-structured interviews, as well as public databases. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The surge for local innovative institutions for transformation: Community-based monitoring in the Andes(Cambridge University Press, 2024-10-02)Non-technical summary. There is abundant research about the impacts that large-scale mining produces on territories to the detriment of their social and environmental sustainability. However, during our research in Chile and Peru, we also identified local transformative initiatives that pursue sustainable development by proposing alternatives to how the socio-ecological impacts of natural resource extraction are produced and distributed throughout society. Specifically, we ask the question: How do local communities in Chile and Peru that are affected by mining activities engage in community-based environmental monitoring (CBEM)? Technical summary. By examining how local communities in Chile and Peru engage in community environmental monitoring, this paper argues that local political organisation and institutional innovations are crucial for the emergence of transformations towards sustainability. Local political organisation and mobilisation can create a window of opportunity for discussion about extractive activities and their impacts, as well as possible proposals for alternatives. Institutional innovations triggered by local political work can lead to the implementation of such initiatives. Our findings are based on qualitative case studies of CBEM in Chile and Peru, in areas with high levels of environmental degradation due to mining. In Chile we analysed a case of community air monitoring in a copper processing area, and in Peru a case of community water monitoring in a mining area. Drawing on debates on social transformation and political ecology theory, this study aims to show CBEM promotes changes towards a more democratic and preventive environmental governance, and encourages the recognition of environmental injustices. Social media summary. This paper analyses how local communities in Chile and Peru engage in community environmental monitoring in areas affected by the presence of extractive industries. We identified local transformative initiatives that pursue sustainable development by proposing alternatives to how the socio-environmental impacts of natural resource extraction are produced and distributed in society. Our findings are based on qualitative case studies of community-based air and water monitoring in extractive areas in Chile and Peru.