3. Producción
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Item type:Publication, Ecoeficiencia de la infraestructura hidráulica del sistema Chancay-Lambayeque y su impacto en la huella hídrica de la producción agrícola(Universidad de San Martín de Porres, 2020-10-28)Ecoeficiencia de la infraestructura hidrulica del sistema Chancay-Lambayeque y su impacto en la huella hdrica de la produccin agrcola rEsumEn Los recursos hdricos se ven afectados por las variaciones climticas, en particular por la magnitud y distribucin de precipitaciones, aumento de temperatura y mayor probabilidad de ocurrencia de eventos extremos. La huella hdrica es un indicador que expresa el uso de agua tanto en su uso directo, como indirecto y para su clculo se emple el software CROPWAT 8.0 y la base de datos CLIMWAT 2.0. Se estim que la huella hdrica total de los cultivos estudiados en m 3 .ton - de producto generado es de 156, 1 124 y 891 para la caa de azcar, el arroz y el maz respectivamente; con una contribucin de la huella verde en 1.6%, 0.7% y 3.4%. El cultivo con mayor huella es el arroz y la caa de azcar tiene la menor huella hdrica, explicado por altos rendimiento en biomasa. Con base en la cantidad de agua requerida por superficie cultivada, se aprecia que la caa de azcar es el cultivo con mayor consumo, al requerir 16 000 m 3 .ha - , el arroz y el maz solo requieren 9 000 y 6 000 m 3 .ha - de agua respectivamente. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, El potencial de desarrollo de proyectos de almacenamiento geológico de CO2 en el Perú: una propuesta(Científica del Sur University, 2022-01-01)La captura y el almacenamiento geológico de CO2 (CCS) es una alternativa para la mitigación del cambio climático que ha sido poco analizada en la región oeste de Sudamérica. El objetivo de este documento es presentar resultados de una investigación previa sobre zonas potenciales para el almacenamiento geológico de CO2 en el Perú y brindar recomendaciones orientadas a la implementación de una política pública en el Perú. El estudio previo concluye que es posible realizar el almacenamiento geológico en algunos lotes de extracción de hidrocarburos ubicados en la región de Piura, debido a sus condiciones geológicas, la infraestructura en el sitio y de conexión con las principales fuentes de emisión de CO2. A la luz de estos resultados, se recomienda establecer una secuencia metodológica y procedimental para proyectos de CCS que incluya estudios de aceptación social. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, A multi-criteria approach to the selection of geological storage of CO2 sites in Peru(Elsevier Ltd, 2022-02-01)Anthropogenically-driven climate change is a global problem explained by the intensification of the greenhouse effect due to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO2). One approach to reducing the emission of CO2 to the atmosphere is the capture of CO2 from its emitting source, its transport, and its geological storage (CCS). However, there are few cases reported in the western region of South America. Thus, the objective of the research is to establish potential areas for the geological storage of CO2 in Peru. The study includes the review and analysis of available information using multi-criteria analysis tools. Thirteen hydrocarbon reservoirs were selected as potential storage sites. Using the order of preference technique for similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS), the selected sites were rated and ranked using nineteen geological, social, environmental, and economic criteria. The criteria and their weights were obtained from previous studies and validated in a participatory workshop. Finally, the public acceptance of CCS projects is analyzed through a case study in one of the selected sites with a focus group with local actors and a population survey. It is concluded that the people's attitude in the areas near the prioritized sites is favorable as long as biodiversity and the economic conditions are not at risk. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Understanding the evolution of cities through urban stocks: A comparative analysis of Andean and coastal urban areas in Peru(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024-08-01)The evolution of cities follows distinct patterns that connect to the cultural and socioeconomic aspects of their populations and can be understood by studying their urban stocks. This paper examines the evolution of construction materials stocks (MS) in the building sector in five urban areas in Peru. The study employed a bottom-up methodology and focused on the city of Abancay in the Peruvian Andes, comparing it to the coastal cities of Chiclayo, Tacna, and San Isidro, as well as Lince. Additionally, regression models were employed to examine the influence of socioeconomic factors associated with urban stock. The research highlights a transition from residential building stock to distinct patterns of socioeconomic development, with urban population and economic growth emerging as pivotal drivers of material stock variation. Notably, large coastal cities like Chiclayo, Tacna, San Isidro, and Lince exhibit significantly higher concrete MS per capita, albeit with varying growth rates. In contrast, Abancay, with lower income levels, displays a higher per capita level of adobe MS, reflecting its historical connection to Peru's heartland. The correlation of urban stock components with the human development index (HDI) emphasizes the latter's significance in understanding the trends of the stocks of the different construction materials that constitute a city. By examining MS in various locations, unique Peruvian traits are unveiled, offering insights for urban development in the Global South. These findings provide valuable guidance for aligning urban stock growth and related environmental burdens with socioeconomic development, fostering sustainability, and promoting rational planning for economic growth.3 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Carbon footprint of organic coffee: Peruvian case study(Elsevier B.V., 2024-12-01)In Peru, organic agriculture has emerged as a promising avenue for creating prosperity through the production of premium, value-added goods. Among the array of agricultural exports from Peru, organic coffee stands out as a highly significant product, celebrated internationally for its exceptional quality. Thus, there is an opportunity to address this study from the environmental point of view by focusing on greenhouse gas emissions in coffee production and adopting the principles of a circular economy. This approach not only promises to improve farmers' overall performance but also holds the potential to mitigate the environmental repercussions related with their production processes. The aim of this research is to analyze the carbon footprint of organic coffee that is produced by small farmers who are members of a cooperative situated in the northern region of Peru. To achieve this objective, the above-mentioned environmental impact during the production of organic green coffee was calculated using the Life Cycle Assessment methodology. This research also seeks to discern about disparities between the practices of farmers who already possess their organic certification and those currently in the certification process as well as assesses the relative eco-efficiency of these production units. Besides the absence of significant differences between those who have their organic certification and those who apply organic practices in their fields but are in the process of certification, results show that the carbon footprint of 1 kg of green coffee placed in port is estimated at 0.90 kg CO2e. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Cradle-to-Grave Environmental Analysis of an Alpaca Fiber Sweater Produced in Peru(Elsevier B.V., 2023-12-20)Animal fibers are an important raw material for the fashion industry but have recently been discussed due to the environmental impacts related to their production. In order to provide scientific information for decision-making in the Peruvian alpaca sector a cradle to grave carbon footprint of one (01) wear of a 100 % alpaca fiber sweater has been conducted. For the modeling of the fiber procurement stage primary data regarding livestock management and annual production parameters were obtained from interviews with 42 Peruvian alpaca herders from the main producing regions in South and Central Peru. Data for the processing stages (spinning and dyeing, knitting and weaving) were collected by means of interviews and questionnaires from three alpaca fashion companies in Arequipa and Lima. The distribution, use, and end-of-life stages were modeled with secondary data. The resulting carbon footprint of one wear of the alpaca fiber sweater is 0.449 kg CO2 equivalents (CO2e). Most emissions occur during the lifecycle stages of fiber production and distribution (70 % and 14 % of CO2e emissions, respectively). Methane emissions from enteric fermentation account for 87 % of the impact within the fiber procurement stage. The environmental impacts during the distribution stage were dominated by retailing and road transport in the destination countries and export by air and sea (53.1 % and 46.4 % of carbon emissions in this stage, respectively). Other life cycle stages were found to be less relevant emission sources. The study concluded that the main strategies for impact mitigation should focus on improving the efficiency of the fiber procurement systems. Furthermore, several knowledge gaps have been identified and should be addressed by future research regarding methane emissions associated with the main co-products of the livestock systems, ecosystem services in the Andes and especially Andean wetlands and potential mitigation strategies of greenhouse gases related to different pasture management options. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Rehabilitation of Public Spaces with Construction Excavation Waste (E-CDW): A Case Study of Costanera San Miguel-Lima-Peru(Kaunas University of Technology, 2025-12-15)Lima is the most important city in Peru, as it is home to about a third of the country's total population (around 10 million people), and concentrates more than half of the national GDP. Considering various sources, Lima concentrates 60% of the activity in the construction and real estate sector, with buildings averaging 10.5 floors in height, which can extend in certain districts up to 20 floors. A multi-stage methodology was developed, comprising three stages. In the first stage, based on the data collected by the Association of Ecological Studies and Sustainable Civil Research (ADEICs) institution, the excavation construction and demolition waste (E-CDW) generation trends were modelled and the annual E-CDW generation rate was predicted using ARIMA models, Holt-Winters and Neural Networks. In the second stage, life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to estimate the environmental impacts related to ten impact categories, including global warming. Finally, using the hedonic price model, the economic value of the E-CDW waste was estimated. The reuse of excavation material is an alternative for the recovery of public spaces. It is the case of the waterfront of the district of San Miguel, where a total of more than five million m3 of waste have been reused since 2017 to 2023. This waste has been collected from more than 1400 construction sites, comprising 30% of the total works in the city. This waste is composed of approximately 90% rocky material and 8% fine material, and its reuse has made it possible to generate 30 hectares of new land and recover 60 hectares of public space. The experience demonstrated the positive impact associated with the reuse of excavation material in the recovery of public areas in the city of Lima, with an economic value of 1089 million dollars of the urban land recovered and generated.1