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    Increasing flood risk awareness and warning readiness by participation – but who understands what under ‘participation’?
    (Elsevier, 2021-04-15)
    Participation is an often-demanded process in disaster risk reduction (DRR). However, it is often unclear who understands what under this term. International organizations such as the United Nations have promoted participation in their DRR strategies since the 1980s, but further research is needed on its opportunities and limitations. Here we highlight what is understood by participation according to different actors and various international contexts. This study was motivated by a workshop where flood-risk and resilience experts from 14 countries perceived the nature of participation and the lack of its implementation differently. To unravel the multitude of these perspectives, 27 expert interviews were conducted in seven countries: Belgium, Germany, Indonesia, Iran, Nepal, Pakistan and Peru between March and August 2020. Results show that constraints on the conduction of participation are not only related to the specific country context but differ even within countries. Limitations such as capacities and willingness to participate as well as the role and importance of participation are common issues across the investigated contexts and countries.
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    Recovery captivity and resilience five years after the floods in the Ahr valley, Germany, for building back better
    (Springer Nature, 2026-12-01)
    The aim is to analyse the 2021 floods in Western Europe, specifically in Germany, and to assess whether building back better is underway. The study analyses recovery and reconstruction in one of the most affected areas, the Ahr valley, where floods claimed over 130 lives and destroyed about 9000 houses. This approach uses field visits, interviews, and literature analysis. Recovery captivity is analysed in terms of the struggles of reconstruction and the hindrance factors to relocation, through a literature review of current scientific studies and media analysis, and field visits. The findings reveal persistent gaps and demand in the governance of reconstruction and in communication between officials and the population. Building back better, as demanded by the United Nations, occurs in a limited sense, especially from the perspective of affected citizens. Lessons learned can be applied to other regions struggling with recovery or facing similar floods.
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