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Item type:Publication, Pacific Alliance: trade implications on member countries and other regional trade agreements(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022-11-01)The Pacific Alliance, born as an alternative to “postliberal regionalism,” aimed at reinforcing the liberalization and openness strategies as well as the North–South agreements previously subscribed by its members. It sought to enhance intraregional trade, promote value chains, and reach out to the Asia‐Pacific region. Ten years after the creation of the Pacific Alliance, it is relevant to assess its effect on trade flows among its members and with other regional trade agreements like the Andean Community and the Southern Common Market. We use an augmented gravity model and the panel data methodology to provide evidence that the Pacific Alliance has not affected trade flows significantly among its members or with other South American regional trade agreements. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Environmental regulation and foreign trade: An analysis for the CAN and MERCOSUR trade blocs in the period 2001–2019(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024-01-01)This study examines the impact of trade and environmental agreements on trade in the Andean Community (CAN) and the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) during the period 2001–2019. Using a panel data methodology, the study analyses the effects of ratifying a number of agreements (the Paris Agreement, the Kyoto Protocol, the Nagoya Protocol, and Free Trade Agreements with the European Union) on total exports and imports. The results reveal that environmental regulations have a differentiated impact on the exports and imports of both trade blocs. These findings underscore the importance of trade and environmental agreements in promoting sustainable trade and emphasize the need for ongoing monitoring of their implementation to foster equitable and sustainable growth in the region. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Environmental Provisions in Trade Agreements(2023-12-29)This article investigates the impact of environmental clauses in regional trade agreements on the international trade of CAN and MERCOSUR countries between 2001 and 2019. We use a gravity model estimated with the PPML estimator to analyze the relationship between environmental provisions in trade agreements and total exports. We find that the simple inclusion of environmental provisions does not have a significant effect on trade. However, the presence of a Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) in the midst of compliance is associated with a negative and significant effect on total exports. This result is accentuated if the trade occurs in a South-North structure. This finding complements previous research and provides a more complete understanding of the impact of environmental clauses on international trade in the countries of the region. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Inequality and Convergence in Latin American Regional Trade Agreements(Wiley, 2025-03-01)The process of Latin American integration has been characterized by both significant advances and setbacks; it is driven by the potential for economic convergence, which seeks to reduce disparities and asymmetries among the region's countries. This article aims to estimate inequality indexes and assess the presence of convergence within and among Latin American integration blocs—The Pacific Alliance, the Andean Community, and the Southern Common Market. To achieve this goal, measures of inequality—including sigma dispersion, the Gini coefficient, and the Theil index—were calculated for the past 22 years. The findings indicate that inequality has increased throughout most of the studied period, with the Southern Common Market exhibiting the highest levels of inequality, followed by the Andean Community and the Pacific Alliance. Furthermore, the analysis of data from 1990 to 2021 reveals a lack of economic convergence between the Southern Common Market and the Andean Community during periods of unilateral trade liberalization, North–South free trade agreements, and the commodities boom. Similarly, the Pacific Alliance shows no evidence of economic convergence between its member countries. While the bloc's formation in 2012 suggests a possible shift in the trend, this change is insufficient to establish a definitive convergence.3