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Item type:Publication, Beyond predicting the number of infections: predicting who is likely to be COVID negative or positive(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2020-05-05)This study provides the first attempt to identify people at greater risk of COVID-19 infection, enabling more targeted infectious disease prevention and control, which are especially important in the ongoing shortage of COVID-19 testing. We conducted a primary survey of 521 adults on April 1-10, 2020 in Iran, where the official infection rate was 0·08%. In our sample, 3% reported being COVID-19 positive and 15% were unsure of their status. This relatively high positive rate enabled us to conduct the analysis at the 5% significance level. At the time of the survey, 44% of the adults worked from home; 26% still went to work in their workplaces; 27% had stopped working due to the COVID-19 pandemic; and 3% were unemployed. Adults who exercised more were more likely to be COVID-19 negative. Each additional hour of exercise per day predicted a 78% increase in the likelihood of being COVID-19 negative. Adults with chronic medical illnesses were 48% more likely to be COVID-19 negative. In terms of work situation, those who worked from home were the most likely to be COVID-19 negative, and those who had stopped working were the most likely to be COVID-19 positive. Individuals in larger organizations were less likely to be COVID-19 positive. Given the testing shortage in many countries, we identify a novel approach to predict the likelihood of COVID-19 infection by a set of personal and work situation characteristics, in order to help to identify individuals with more or less risk of contracting the virus. We hope this research opens a new research avenue to identify the individual risk factors of COVID-19 infection to enable more targeted infectious disease prevention, communication, testing, and control to complement the effort to expand testing capacity. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The distress of Iranian adults during the Covid-19 pandemic – More distressed than the Chinese and with different predictors(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2020-04-07)Summary Early papers on the mental health of the public during the Covid-19 pandemic surveyed participants from China. Outside of China, Iran has emerged as one of the most affected countries with a high death count and rate. The paper presents the first empirical evidence from Iranian adults during the Covid-19 pandemic on their level of distress and its predictors. On March 25–28, 2020, a dire time for Covid-19 in Iran, we surveyed 1058 adults from all 30 provinces in Iran using the Covid-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI). The distress level of Iranian adults (mean: 34.54; s.d.: 14.92) was significantly higher (mean difference: 10.9; t =22.7; p <0.0001; 95% CI : 10.0 to 11.8) than that of Chinese adults (mean: 23.65; s.d.: 5.45) as reported in a prior study with the same measure of Covid-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI). We also found the predictors of distress in Iran vary from those in China. Our findings that the predictors of distress in Iran vary from those in China suggest the need to study the predictors of mental health in individual countries during the Covid-19 pandemic to effectively identify and screen for those more susceptible to mental health issues. Funding None - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The curvilinear relationship between the age of adults and their mental health in Iran after its peak of COVID-19 cases(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2020-06-12)Abstract The emerging body of research on the predictors of mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed contradictory findings, which prevent effective psychiatry screening for mental health assistance. This study aims to identify the predictors of nonsomatic pain, depression, anxiety, and distress, especially focusing on age as a nonlinear predictor. We conducted a survey of 474 adults in Iran during April 1–10, 2020, when Iran had just passed its first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic with new confirmed cases. We found that Age had a curvilinear relationship with nonsomatic pain, depression, and anxiety. Age was associated with pain, depression, and anxiety disorders negatively among adults younger than 45 years, but positively among seniors older than 70 years. Adults who were female, unsure about their chronic diseases, and exercised less per day were more likely to have mental health issues. This study advances the use of age as an effective predictor by uncovering a curvilinear relationship between individuals’ age and mental health issues by using a sample of adults across a wide spectrum of ages. We hope future research on mental health during COVID-19 pays more attention to nonlinear predictors. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The relationship between age and mental health among adults in Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic(Springer Science+Business Media, 2021-06-22)The evidence on the predictors of mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed contradictory findings, which prevent effective screening for mental health assistance. This study aims to identify the predictors of mental health issues, specifically examining age as a nonlinear predictor. Based on a survey of 474 adults using snowball sampling under the COVID-19 pandemic during April 1th–10th, 2020, in Iran, we found that age had a curvilinear relationship with nonsomatic pain, depression, and anxiety. Specifically, it predicted pain, depression, and anxiety disorders, negatively among adults younger than 45 years, yet positively among seniors older than 70 years. Adults who were female, were unsure about their chronic diseases, or exercised less were more likely to have mental health issues. This study, being the first paper to examine age curvilinearly, suggests future research to pay more attention to nonlinear predictors of mental health disorders in the COVID-19 pandemic. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Why we intend to act for good: Life as the bridge from light and dark personality to social entrepreneurial intention(Elsevier BV, 2026-08-01)How do personality-based ethical orientations shape individuals' sense of purpose and their intentions to engage in prosocial venture creation? Drawing on Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT), this study examines the moral and psychological foundations of social entrepreneurial intention — a prosocial behavioral intention — using data from 29 countries (N = 8003). We test how two contrasting sets of personality traits, the Light Triad (faith in humanity, humanism, Kantianism) and the Dark Triad (Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism), influence individuals' sense of life purpose and, in turn, their intention to engage in social entrepreneurship. Results show that Light Triad traits enhance life purpose and foster stronger social entrepreneurial intentions, whereas Dark Triad traits reduce life purpose and weaken such intentions. Narcissistic women, however, report higher social entrepreneurial intentions than men. By identifying personality- and purpose-based antecedents of a prosocial behavioral intention — long a central object of inquiry in environmental psychology as a precursor of sustainable behavior — these findings advance the psychology of moral engagement and offer implications for how virtue and vice translate into prosocial action in organizational and societal contexts.