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Item type:Publication, Macroeconomía: enfoques y modelos. Nuevos ejercicios resueltos: capítulo 9(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2002)This document contains exercises on open macroeconomics. There are several problems related to Mundell-Fleming model, the exchange rate dynamics and overshooting models with rational expectations. Its content is part of Macro 2 course and it is oriented to help the teaching and training in macroeconomics in this university. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Elementos de teoría y política macroeconómica para una economía abierta. Segunda parte: Capítulo 7(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2010)The seventh chapter presents the IS-LM model of simultaneous equilibrium in the goods and services market and the money market. IS-LM model determines the Aggregate Demand and, consequently, the level of output and employment, under the assumption of fixed prices or infinitely elastic Aggregate Supply. Then, it analyzes the effects of fiscal and monetary policies in the simultaneous equilibrium in both markets. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Elementos de teoría y política macroeconómica para una economía abierta. Cuarta parte: Capítulos 12, 13 y 14(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2010)The fourth part, which consists of three chapters (12, 13 and 14), deals with macroeconomic policy in a full employment context. It analyses the labor market and its relationship with Aggregate Supply; then it presents the IS-LM model including this relation; and investment-saving relation in a full employment context. The twelfth chapter develops the link between employment and output in a flexible price economy, by studying the labor market and the production function. The thirteenth chapter presents the complete IS-LM model. This is the neoclassical synthesis model with flexible prices and full employment. It incorporates the neoclassical production function and the equations of supply and demand for labor. The fourteenth chapter examines the income-expenditure equilibrium in the (neo) classical model with flexible prices, and the investment-saving equilibrium for an open economy. It also emphasizes the importance of the role played by the interest rate in a model where the aggregate levels of expenditure and output don’t change, due to the full employment assumption. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Elementos de teoría y política macroeconómica para una economía abierta. Quinta parte: Capítulos 15, 16 y 17(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2010)The fifth part, which consists of three chapters (15, 16 y 17), presents an introduction to the theory of economic growth. The fifteenth chapter presents a brief history of economic growth theory. Then, it analyzes the factors that determine the long-term behavior of aggregate and per capita output, and the main concepts of the theory of economic growth. The sixteenth chapter analyzes the Keynesian Harrod-Domar growth model and the neoclassical Solow growth model. These models were developed between the late thirties and the second half of the twentieth century. Both models assume the existence of dynamic long run equilibrium between savings and investment. The seventeenth chapter is an introduction to the theory of endogenous growth. In neoclassical growth models the growth of per capita output is explained by exogenous technological progress. The endogenous growth theory replaces the fundamental assumptions of the neoclassical growth theory to reach different conclusions and policy proposals. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Crecimiento económico: enfoques y modelos. Capítulo 5 – Teoría del crecimiento endógeno(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2010)In order to explain growth in per capita output, an exogenous technical change is introduced into the neoclassical models. The new growth theory emerges as a critical to this explanation and considers that technical change is an endogenous result. Hence, the new theory abandons the neoclassical production function and the decreasing marginal returns to capital. The first section of this chapter explains in more detail the emergence of the endogenous growth theory. In the second and third sections, we present the theories of endogenous growth of first and second generation. In the fourth section, we analyze the main theoretic tools used by the endogenous growth models: constant or increasing returns to scale, the introduction of education, job training and human capital, the development of new technologies, innovation and institutions. Finally, the fifth section revises the economic policy implications. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Crecimiento económico: enfoques y modelos. Capítulo 6 – Teoría del crecimiento dirigida por la demanda(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2010)This chapter contains several models of demand led growth. In the first section we present the model of Thirlwall (1979) which analyzes the restrictions that are imposed on economic growth by the balance of payments. In the second section, we present the model of investment led growth developed by Barbosa-Filho (1999). In the third section, we analyze the debate about the persistence of demand shocks in the long run and we develop the model of Dutt and Ros (2009). In the fourth section we introduce the model of wage led growth and profit led growth developed by Dutt and Ros (2007). Finally we present an alternative endogenous growth model developed by Bhaduri (2006). - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Perú 1895-2019: Continuidad de la Dependencia Externa y Desindustrialización Prematura(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2024-06)Este trabajo trata de mostrar que el Perú ha seguido desempeñando el papel de productor de materias primas durante cerca de 150 años desde la década de los años 1870, no obstante haber ocurrido cambios dramáticos en el escenario internacional, en su institucionalidad política y estructura de poder económico. Los intentos de redefinición de este estilo de crecimiento, en distintos momentos de este largo período, fueron frustrados por la persistencia del dominio conservador-defensivo en las élites de poder político y económico. Cambiaron los actores y los pesos relativos de las actividades económicas en la generación del PBI y del empleo, pero no hubo solución de continuidad en la dependencia de la economía de los requerimientos y dinámica de los mercados de los países industrializados, ni en el relativo desinterés de las elites por transformar las relaciones sociales internas a favor de la población campesina y rural para construir un Estado incluyente y democrático - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Crecimiento económico: enfoques y modelos. Capítulo 4 – Crecimiento distribución del ingreso y empleo(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2010)This chapter includes the Keynesian models of Kaldor and Pasinetti, which introduce the variations in the functional distribution of income between profits and wages, in order to explain how the warranted rate of growth may adjust to the natural growth rate, generating a growth path with full employment of labor. The first and second sections present the Kaldor and Pasinetti models. The third section presents the neoclassical extension of the Pasinetti model developed by Samuelson and Modigliani. The fourth section presents the debate about the existence of two classes in the economy. The fifth section analyses the relationship between growth, distribution and inflation. The chapter ends with the development of a kaldorian model which incorporates the government. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Perú: sostenibilidad, balance estructural y propuesta de una regla fiscal(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2003)The main purpose of this paper is to develop the methodological elements of a counter cyclical fiscal rule interrelated to fiscal sustainability. The well known methods of sustainability based on intertemporal budget restriction, are discussed and reformulated by taking into account the two public debt: foreign an domestic. The new model captures the effects of exchange rate and the differential of the rates of interest variations. Finally, the counter cyclical fiscal rule is built on the basis of the so-called permanent primary surplus which makes sustainable to fiscal policy. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, La nueva teoría del comercio internacional(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 1998)This essay is an analytical systematization of the new theory of international trade (NTT). According to the NTT the increasing returns to scale would explain trade among countries. This theory is constructed on the basis of industrial organization models developed in the seventies, which put together the imperfect competition and increasing returns to scale. The five important topics concerned with the NTT (causes of trade, role of history, trade and technological change, trade policy, and geography and trade), are analyzed in this essay. Representative models are developed for each case and the theory is presented simplifying the results and contrasting them with empirical evidence, which was taken from other research works.
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