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Item type:Publication, Comparing experiences of constitutional reforms to enshrine the right to water in Brazil, Colombia, and Peru: opportunities and limitations(MDPI, 2021-12-01)In this paper we compare recent efforts towards the constitutionalization of the right to water in Brazil, Colombia, and Peru to understand the opportunities and limitations related to the attempts to enhance access to piped water to the highest normative level. Peru passed a constitutional amendment in 2017 while Brazil and Colombia have seen much right-to-water activism but have not succeeded in passing such reforms. We explore the role of the existing domestic legal frameworks on drinkable water provision and water management towards the approval of constitutional amendments. We find that all three countries have specialized laws, water governing institutions, and constitutional jurisprudence connecting access to water with rights, but the legal opportunity structures to enforce socio-economic rights vary; they are stronger in Colombia and Brazil, and weaker in Peru. We argue that legal opportunity structures build legal environments that influence constitutional reform success. Legal opportunity structures act as incentives both for social movements to push for reforms and for actors with legislative power to accept or reject them. Our findings also show that in some contexts political cost is a key element of constitutional reforms that enshrine the right to water; therefore, this is an element that should be considered when analyzing these processes. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Protecting gains: Extractivism, social movements, and the politics of policy implementation(Elsevier Ltd, 2024-03-01)Scholarship on social movements around conflicts over extractive development has advanced in identifying when movements are likely to impact policy adoption. Yet, in Latin America policies are rarely implemented – a reality that commonly leads conflicts to reignite. This sheds light over this often overlooked issue. We focus on the politics of policy implementation – when and how social movements around extractive development have higher chances to favorably impact policy enforcement. To this end, we switch the attention from the strategies of social movements and their outcomes over policy implementation at the local level, to their cumulative impact on national-level policy. We argue for a comparative political economy approach that enables us to identify the systemic, intermediate, and short-term factors that impact the effect of movements on conflicts over policy implementation. Building on this approach, we propose three potential implementation outcomes – positive, status quo and rollback – depending on the degree to which they align with a movement's position. We conclude highlighting the contributions of the articles in this issue to the politics of policy implementation and providing some insights for social movements’ course of action to protect their gains. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, La nueva derecha radical de base en el Perú(Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, 2024-09-16)Las elecciones presidenciales de 2021 hicieron que se volviera común hablar de una derecha radical movilizada en Perú. Durante el Gobierno de Pedro Castillo, quien gobernó con bloques de izquierdas entre 2021 y 2022, diversos colectivos de derecha radical se movilizaron permanentemente en las calles de diferentes ciudades en rechazo al Gobierno y a quienes se veían como sus aliados. En un país con partidos y movimientos sociales débiles, donde es particularmente difícil sostener la acción colectiva contenciosa, ¿cómo fue posible que la oposición de derecha radical a Castillo sostuviera protestas durante todo su gobierno? En esta investigación se afirma que la preexistencia de un tejido social derechista, que pudo movilizar recursos, y la percepción de amenaza que implicó la candidatura y Gobierno de Castillo hicieron posible el sostenimiento de la campaña de protesta derechista de 19 meses. Este estudio de caso ofrece lecciones para entender la rapidez con la que se pueden desarrollar las derechas de base, inclusive en contextos con pocos antecedentes. Para avanzar este argumento, se construye una base de datos original de organizaciones y acciones colectivas de protesta de derecha radical, entre mayo de 2021 y noviembre de 2022. Además, se revisan las publicaciones en redes sociales de estos colectivos y se consulta tanto investigación académica como periodística relevante - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Demobilization Processes in Latin America(Oxford University Press, 2023-01-01)What are the main dynamics and mechanisms of demobilization among Latin American social movements? What political and economic contexts create obstacles for their contentious collective actions? In which ways do the political economy, states, and political parties shape patterns of demobilization? Under which conditions do social movements decide to refrain from mobilizing? This chapter addresses these questions by zooming in on contemporary South America. It focuses attention on specific geographical and historical coordinates: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru in the context of neoliberalization in the 1990s and the “commodity boom” of the 2000s. It understands demobilization as a process resulting from interactions within and between social movements, and between social movements and other actors. Demobilization is not simply the absence of mobilization, as it assumes the previous organization of contentious actions of organizations that are still active. The study of demobilization requires focusing on the role of agency and strategy to better understand how social movements refrain from mobilizing to advance their claims and achieve their goals. The chapter discusses six mechanisms underpinning recent demobilization trends in Latin America: performative governance, institutional recognition, social conformism, dual pressure, taking sides, and the glocalization of protest. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, La fe en la protesta: discursos y representaciones religiosas contestatarias en el estallido social (2022-2023) en Perú(Arturo Prat University, 2025-10-27)This article analyzes the discourses and strategies of participation of religious actors—linked to Catholicism and evangelical Protestantism—in the citizen protest movements that took place between December 2022 and March 2023, which constituted one of the most critical social conflicts in contemporary Peruvian political life, as they called into question the democratic mechanisms for responding to the protests and revealed the accentuation of practices of discrimination and stigmatization against historically excluded sectors of the country. In this context, we are interested in highlighting, on the one hand, the impact of the religious factor—in its various forms—on the production of a type of memory and thematization of current social conflicts. On the other hand, we place on the agenda for discussion the way in which certain religious agents, through their participation in protests, generate disruptions that cause discomfort not only at the level of political power, but also at the level of institutionalized ecclesiastical spheres themselves. The actors we analyze represent the rebellious face of religion in Peru, which contrasts with the theological discourse and political strategy of conservative and neo-fundamentalist groups and movements.1