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Item type:Publication, Case studies on reverse engineering on ancient metals(Springer, 2021-01-01)Metallic pieces from the archaeological site of the Mapuche Cemetery of Montaña Mesa de Malargüe, located in the southern region of Mendoza, Argentina, were studied. These pieces were made of raw and alloyed copper and can be described as a notched quadrangular ring, three cones, and the hemisphere of a spherical rattle. This study allows us to glimpse that a developed society was inserted south of the Salado River before the arrival of the Spanish colonizers. The studies consisted of metallographic analyzes with the help of a portable microscope, analyzes of the chemical composition carried out with portable X-ray fluorescence equipment and the evaluation of microhardness. The samples were further characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersion spectrometry (EDS). There was evidence of changes in metal working methods, as well as in the use of raw materials, and this can be linked to the processes of social transformation that occurred within Mapuche society. These historic metal pieces were studied as part of the Border Archeometallurgy Project carried out between 2016 and 2017. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, A Diachronic Archaeometallurgy Study of Metal Fishhooks in Huanchaco: Alloys and Manufacturing Techniques(John Wiley and Sons, 2025)Archaeological excavations at three sites in Huanchaco, Moche Valley, North Coast of Peru, have yielded metal fishhooks in domestic and funerary context occupations from 150/50 bc to ad 1530. The marine‐oriented nature of the Huanchaco occupations points to the necessity of using metal fishhooks in their daily subsistence activities. However, metal fishhooks seem to have been of more exclusive usage rather than of common availability. This article focuses on the results obtained through optic microscopy, X‐ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy with disperse spectrometry energy and digital radiographic imagery done on the metal of these artefacts. We conclude that copper was the preferred metal during all periods. However, there are slight differences in the alloys employed within and between societies and time periods, while the manufacturing technique seems to have been the same (plastic deformation and annealing) with a few variances over time.1