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    Tracer Hydrology Practices, Challenges, and Opportunities Across Latin America and the Caribbean
    (Wiley, 2026-01-01)
    Tracer hydrology in Latin America and the Caribbean has made significant progress in recent decades, largely through the sustained support of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Current practices show water stable isotope applications and precipitation-groundwater monitoring at the core of most networks, providing valuable insights into recharge mechanisms, groundwater to surface water connectivity, pollution tracking, and climate variability. Despite these advances, critical challenges persist, including short and fragmented monitoring records, limited capture of extreme events, restricted data accessibility, and persistent barriers related to funding, analytical capacity, and weak policy integration. Improving science communication emerges as an urgent need to transform technical findings into actionable knowledge that informs decision-makers and empowers communities. Opportunities exist to build on IAEA's legacy by sustaining long-term networks, diversifying tracer applications, mobilizing citizen science in monitoring efforts, expanding modeling and laboratory capacity, and advocating for FAIR data sharing across end-users. Strengthened collaboration across the region, improved communication, and deeper policy engagement can elevate tracer hydrology into a pillar of regional water governance and hydro-climate resilience.
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    The Policy Making on Venezuelan Migratory Policies in Peru 2017-2022: Processes, Bifurcation Points and Drivers
    (Universidad Pontificia Comillas de Madrid, 2026-01-01)
    This study examines Peruvian public policies on Venezuelan migration, identifying factors influencing their formulation and implementation while uncovering their behavioral patterns. Using a qualitative approach based on process tracing and thematic analysis of official documents, media narratives, and statistical data, the research identifies three phases of migration policy: (1) open-door policies, (2) securitization and restriction, and (3) invisibilization and normalization of irregular migration. These phases reveal a disconnect between political rhetoric and practical outcomes, with calculated tolerance for policy non-enforcement and migrant integration delegated to civil society and international organizations. The findings highlight incoherent migration policies marked by legal non-compliance, omission as a strategy, and limited state intervention. These dynamics are driven by advocacy coalitions excluded from decision-making, strained executive-legislative relations, and media-influenced public opinion. The study's originality lies in its innovative combination of process tracing and thematic analysis to explain policy dynamics in contexts of institutional fragility.
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