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    Parametric evaluation of the response modification factor R considering bidirectional ground motions
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2024-11-01)
    The current research on evaluating the response modification factor R, related to the lateral strength demand of structures, has been generally based on inelastic single-degree-of-freedom systems. Nevertheless, most structures have more than one main analysis component and will be subjected to bidirectional ground motions. In this study, the results of the parametric evaluation of the response modification factor considering the bidirectional interaction (Rb) of inelastic two-degree-of-freedom systems (2DOF) are presented. The effects on the factor Rb of the vibration period, the ductility capacity, the hysteretic model, the seismic incidence angle, and the period ratio were evaluated. Analysis results show that the bidirectional interaction could increase the lateral strength demand of the 2DOF systems because of the coupling effect of the two components’ responses. To make this research useful for improving engineering practice and code provisions, the main contribution is the proposal of a simplified expression for estimating the factor Rb.
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    2D and 3D Nonlinear Finite Element Sensitivity Analysis of the Static and Dynamic Behavior of the Adobe Pyramid of Huaca de la Luna, Trujillo, Perú
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2025-01-01)
    Huaca de la Luna is a monumental earthen complex near Trujillo, Peru built by the Moche civilization from 200 to 850 C.E. Its principal structure, a stepped pyramid constructed with millions of adobe bricks on sloping bedrock and sandy soil, presents severe structural damage at the northwest corner. A sensitivity study of the static and dynamic response of the pyramid is conducted in Abaqus/CAE Explicit using 2D and 3D nonlinear finite element models derived from archaeological, material, and geotechnical data. Concrete damaged plasticity and Mohr-Coulomb formulations are adopted to represent adobe and sandy soil, respectively. Models undergo quasi-static gravitational loading followed by dynamic application of lateral ground accelerations. Lateral capacity is defined as the applied acceleration that produces collapse and is identified from the time-evolution of elastic strain and plastic dissipation energies. Initial 2D sensitivity analysis investigates the effect on lateral capacity of adobe tensile strength, bedrock/soil configuration, west façade profile, eastward architecture, and plastic dilation angle. Critical configurations identified from 2D analysis are expanded into 3D models. All results show stability under gravitational load. At dynamically induced failure, damage corresponds closely to the extant collapse of the northwest corner of the pyramid, suggesting that present damage is due to seismic activity.
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