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Peruvian auteur cinema in globalization era: Between transgression and marginalization
(Universitidad de Piura, 2020-01-01)
El cine de autor peruano se ha caracterizado por representar los problemas sociales del país planteando discursos que se posicionan como alternativos ante los hegemónicos. En el presente artículo se plantea como, incluso durante el período de mayor crecimiento económico del Perú, este género ha mantenido la tradición de ser una voz alternativa al plantear que el ingreso del país a la economía globalizada no ha resuelto los problemas sociales de buena parte de la población. Para cumplir con ello, se analizaron las cintas Chicha tu madre, El premio, Paraíso y El evangelio de la carne. Dichas películas tienen en común relatar historias ambientadas en escenarios marginales y en las que sus protagonistas deben recurrir a la transgresión para poder sobrevivir. Los personajes tenían representando a los “sinlugar”, a aquellos individuos que están impedidos de participar de los beneficios de los intercambios informativos y económicos que prometía el ingreso del Perú al mercado globalizado.
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The Origins of Neoliberalism: An Arendtian Genealogy of Neoliberal Disaster Orígenes del neoliberalismo: una genealogía arendtiana del desastre neoliberal
(Universidad Complutense Madrid, 2026-07-30)
This article contends that current neoliberalism merges the same tendencies that, according to Arendt, made possible the arise of the totalitarian phenomena back in its time. First, the contemporary neoliberal subject is interpreted as a culmination of Arendt’s animal laborans, distinguished by his or her cult for the economic utilitarian logic and by his or her social isolation. Second, it is explained how in neoliberalism there is a coexistence between the radical and the banal evil that Arendt linked, in different moments of her work, to the totalitarian phenomena. The proposed dynamics is exemplified with the case of neoliberalism in Peru, particularly in its fujimorist form, well known for its use of violence and its abuse of corruption.
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Youth, Quechua and Neoliberalism in Contemporary Perú
(De Gruyter Mouton, 2023-03-01)
Framed within a critical and ethnographic approach to language policy, my study addresses the phenomenon of language commodification and the construction of neoliberal subjectivities in contemporary Perú. Specifically, I address a project of Quechua teaching in the city of Lima called Quechua para Todos, or Quechua for All, promoted by young Quechua activists developing interventions to change historically established imaginaries. Taking this project as a starting point, I analyze what is behind the extremely high demand these Quechua courses are having among youth in the capital city, where Quechua has been historically silenced. My argument is that a significant group of the young students from the courses have begun to integrate the Quechua language to the figure of the entrepreneurial subject for whom both personal and national branding is central. While speaking Quechua has historically indexed 'indianness' linked to backwardness, rurality, ancestrality and ignorance, it is now being associated with other linguistic and non-linguistic signs (such as being a professional and knowing English) to enregister a multicultural citizenship within a context of neoliberal economic growth and state policies of cultural branding. Although the demand to study Quechua in Lima is shifting the meanings and values of Quechua, at least within a domain of speakers, it may also be erasing ongoing processes of racialization of indigenous peoples in Peruvian society and fundamental gaps in access to education and economic resources.
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La élite empresarial y la formación de la hegemonía neoliberal del Perú desde una perspectiva gramsciana
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-11-22)
The present work focuses on the configuration of actors and the discursive component of the neoliberal paradigm, and analyzes, in particular, from the Gramscian approach of analysis of relations of forces, the role that the business elite group had in the formation of neoliberal hegemony in the nineties. First, it explains what this theoretical approach consists of and, especially, the concepts of political power relations and hegemony. With these categories, it is possible to understand the ideological/discursive and articulating dimensions of neoliberal hegemony in its early years. Secondly, the history of the business elite in the years prior to the 1990s is briefly explained, as well as the context of crisis that allowed the emergence of a neoliberal hegemony. It addresses, on the one hand, the process of articulation of the business elite based on its union unity, and, on the other hand, it points out how the generalized crisis of the previous paradigm, the developmental one, was key to understanding the unity of the large companies. companies and to understand the advance of neoliberal ideas in the discursive field. Third and finally, thanks to contradictions in the literature and certain research gaps, the articulating and discursive aspects of neoliberal hegemony in its beginnings and the dominant role of the business elite in its articulation are explained, according to Gramscian categories. with other groups and in relation to neoliberal ideology
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Authoritarian Practices Between ‘Para-Coloniality’ and ‘Cheap Security’: When Chinese State Capital Meets Neoliberal Copper Mining (and Protests) in Las Bambas, Peru
(Taylor & Francis, 2023-03-05)
How does Chinese state capital operate in the neoliberal setting of Peruvian mining? The article tackles this question by focusing on Las Bambas, a large mine in the Andean highlands of Apurimac. We argue that China’s quest for Peruvian copper entwines state capital with neoliberal and authoritarian practices of state violence in a case of ‘para-coloniality.’ This concept explains how Chinese mining operations build on and reproduce the legacies of European colonialism and authoritarian rule under Fujimorismo to extract natural resources from formerly colonized territories. A corollary element in this relationship is that of ‘cheap security’, i.e. the Peruvian state’s practice of legally selling its policing services to mining companies who use them to discipline dissidents. The article draws on Critical Geopolitics, Legal Sociology and Political Ecology and highlights the shifting hierarchies of power that shape conflicts around copper extraction in the Andean highlands of Peru.
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Rise and Peak of Peruvian Law and Economics
(Springer Nature, 2025-01-01)
The chapter provides an overview of the introduction and development of the Law and Economics (L&E) approach in Peru. To this end, it outlines a periodization of its evolution based on four major phases: the initial attempts, the boiling period, the peak, and the subsequent stabilization. Criticisms directed at Peruvian proponents of L&E are then presented and analyzed. This analysis closely follows a book authored by Castillo Freyre and Vásquez Kunze, which stands as the most systematic critical examination of Peruvian L&E to date. Finally, the chapter offers a balance of perspectives and identifies future directions for the approach’s development.
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Neoliberal Order, Culture, Religion and Politics in the Rise of the Extreme Right in Twenty-First-Century Peru
(Palgrave Macmillan, 2025-01-01)
Since the last two decades, Peru has been the scene of the radicalization of some of its political right-wingers, as well as the emergence of new and even more radical ones. All of them fit within the universe of the so-called extreme right, ultra-right or radical right. Their discourses are extremely conservative, nationalist, violent, racist and homophobic, with a Christian religious background of fundamentalist and dogmatic content, among other features. This is part of the history of the right wing in Peru, but linked to contemporary national and global political and socio-cultural processes. This social and political phenomenon seems to involve, among others, three fundamental factors that this paper explores from a historical and descriptive perspective. First, a historical tradition of political and ideological orientation of the tractional right, from which the extreme right inherits some distinctive features. Secondly, the profound and irreversible structural transformation of Peru due to the constitution of the neoliberal State during the successive regimes of Alberto Fujimori (1990–2000); furthermore, due to the strengthening of the economic and political elites that made the democratic system precarious, repressed political debate and gave way to the process of political capture of the State. Thirdly, the cultural and religious factor, predominant in a country that historically built its social differences based on criteria of exclusion and religious legitimization of the political order. The discourse of the extreme right reproduces part of these collective representations and is strongly impregnated with fundamentalist Catholic and evangelical Christian values. Due to the relative “novelty” of this phenomenon in Peru and the still scarce scientific production on it, this paper provides elements of description, characterization and analysis for its interpretation. The methodology employed has been the review and critical evaluation of secondary sources of historical, sociological, anthropological and political character, from different sources, as well as the description and characterization of the phenomenon itself.
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El gobierno de la carretera
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2025-07-14)
Clashes over extractive projects in Peru between the State and peasant communities have increased and expanded throughout the country during the 21st century, despite policies promoting dialogue and negotiation encouraged by various governments. Rather, the use of exceptional regimes, in the form of declaration of state of emergency to address protests, has become normalized, and in some cases, this normalization has allowed for the establishment of authoritarian enclaves. Why are authoritarian enclaves established? How are they governed? What mechanisms make authoritarian government possible? This article studies, analyzing the history of the approval and construction of a mining corridor, how and why the Peruvian State instituted an authoritarian enclave in the surroundings of the Las Bambas mining project, between 2015 and 2020. The analysis is based on three analytical inputs: 1) the reconstruction of the legal-juridical process that institutionalizes the authoritarian enclave, 2) a characterization of the type of government and governmental mechanisms used in this geopolitical space, and 3) an ethnographic account of the dynamics of circulation and immobility that are imposed in the corridor, and reveal the functioning of the authoritarian enclave.
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Antecedents and consequences of political moral laxity: a Peruvian case
(Frontiers Media, 2025-01-08)
Political Moral Laxity is defined as a set of beliefs and attitudes that tolerate and support dishonest or corrupt actions of authorities and politicians, especially when these actions benefit private interests to the detriment of the public good. Political Moral Laxity is the result of perverse political socialisation in political systems characterised by the lack of legitimacy of authorities, the weakening of institutions and, consequently, the non-compliance of citizens. The current study focuses on the mediating role of Political Moral Laxity between Social Dominance Orientation, the components of the Dark Triad of Personality, and Tolerance to Normative Transgression among Peruvian citizens. For this purpose, 242 Peruvian citizens of both genders (male = 45.9%, female = 53.7%, not specified = 0.4%), of legal age (M age = 20.8, range 18–65), from the region of San Martin in the Peruvian Amazon were surveyed online. Results show that Political Moral Laxity fully mediate the effects of Social Dominance Orientation and only Psychopathy component of the Dark Triad on Tolerance to Normative Transgression. We discuss the results in terms of the Peruvian political system, which is heavily influenced by the neoliberal model, as well as the personality traits that predispose to Political Moral Laxity, thus reinforcing the negative effects of a political model on citizens' dispositions to transgress.
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