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Item type:Publication, Medios de vida y estrategias de adaptación basados en la migración por familias afectadas por los deterioros ambientales en comunidades alto andinas «Ya no hay vida aquí; por eso se fueron.»(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energías Renovables (INTE-PUCP), 2020-02-07)In Andean communities, many families whose livelihoods depend on farming and raising livestock are exposed to increasing degradation of their ecosystem and to food insecurity. The objective of this paper is to examine the extent to which families use migration strategies, based on multi residence and migratory circulation, to diversity their sources of income and mitigate the consequences of ecological degradation on their living conditions. The results are part of a socio-demographic research conducted in 2015 and 2016, which focused on domestic strategies for addressing environmental problems in a sample of 203 families living in five high Andean communities around Lake Titicaca. Most of families have migrant members and young adults between ages 20 and 35 represent the largest number of them. Nevertheless, their departuredoes not constitute an explicit form of adaptation to the ecological degradation. The quest for better conditions and opportunities in urban territories as well as interests related to their life stage and cycle, are the main determinants of their migration decisions. Despite the ecological problems affecting families, the desire for personal autonomy of the migrants is the main impetus for migration and there is no family organization based on multi residence and circular migration as an explicit livelihood for adaptation to environmental deterioration in rural areas. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Peruvian efforts to contain COVID-19 fail to protect vulnerable population groups(Elsevier, 2020-11-01)Peru is arguably providing a robust governmental response in the initial stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, with early lockdown measures and the implementation of relatively ambitious economic safety nets to protect families and enterprises. Despite this initial optimism, structural deficiencies in the public health system, high informality in the labor market, the new wave of migrants from Venezuela and the extremely diverse cultural characteristics of many areas exacerbate the number of potentially highly vulnerable groups that may be left out of these safety nets unless additional efforts are enforced to improve social coverage. In this discussion we aim to identify some of these groups, highlighting the main challenges they face during the outbreak and proposing certain mitigation measures to balance the social policy response. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Human trafficking in the Andean region: Socio-spatial dynamics in the Peruvian borders(FLACSO Ecuador, 2020-09-01)La trata de personas es una actividad ilegal que afecta la dignidad y libertad de miles de personas, especialmente mujeres, sin embargo, es poco analizada y aún marginal en el debate público. El presente artículo explora las dinámicas socio-espaciales de la trata de personas en las fronteras del Perú con Ecuador y Bolivia en el período 2000-2014, para aportar en el análisis de la complejidad en la relación de la actividad ilegal y el territorio. El estudio se sustenta en revisión de prensa escrita, información estadística de instituciones estatales competentes en la materia y fuentes secundarias de organismos internacionales. Los principales hallazgos se presentan en dos niveles. Primero, se identifica tres tipos de trata de personas, en ambos espacios de frontera, con diferencias por el nivel de complejidad, desplazamiento y características de la actividad. Segundo, se muestra la frontera como lugar de porosidad más que de solidez convirtiéndose en sitio estratégico para la trata, dado que i) permite la configuración de circuitos, pasos y rutas; ii) incorpora la trata en la dinámica local; iii) incluye la migración como un eje de reproducción de la vulnerabilidad y iv) visibiliza las conexiones sistémicas del mercado ilegal a escala global. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, “Migrating is like dying and then being reborn in a different place”: The experience of Venezuelans in Peru(El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, 2022-01-01)This paper explores the concept of “suffering” in the migratory experience of displaced Venezuelans in Peru in three moments: in the context of their departure, during the journey to Peru, and in the context of their arrival. Through a mixed methodology of participant observation and interviews, this paper aims to understand the signification of the concept of suffering in the different phases of the process. In the analyzed case, it was found that to each phase corresponds different motives and types of suffering, and that others are maintained in the three stages. Although the concept of suffering is implicit in many recent academic contributions to the phenomenon of migration, an adequate theorization of the suffering of Venezuelan forcibly displaced has been lacking. This article thus contributes to the literature on migration and suffering, and at the same time to the emerging literature on Venezuelan forced displacement across Latin America. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Migration processes in Indigenous women post internal armed conflict in Peru(Sociedad Interamericana de Psicologia, 2024-09-09)This paper presents an analysis of the migratory movements of indigenous women in the community of Sacsamarca, Ayacucho, Peru. Based on the qualitative method, life histories and field ethnography were used as sources of data collection. The results indicate that the migration of indigenous women is an Andean community practice, made possible by a network of paisanaje that acts as a facilitating factor. In addition, the findings show that the Internal Armed Conflict (CAI) is a breaking point in the dynamics of the migration processes of Andean communities in Peru and, in the case of these women, it helps to understand the two-way process, since Sacsamarca is a community whose characteristics allow them to return. It is concluded that it is a dynamic process of coming and going, which questions the territorial-geographical-limits of the community and the unidirectional conception of migration. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Coexistence and social exclusion of Venezuelan migrants in Lima, Perú: A psychosocial approach(Russian Psychological Society, 2024-01-01)Background. An understanding of the dynamics of intergroup relations, particularly in relation to migrant populations, is of critical importance in a variety of societal contexts. This study examines the relationship between conservatism (Social Dominance Orientation, SDO), intergroup dynamics (stereotypes and intergroup emotions), and social distance (openness to coexistence and tendencies toward exclusion) within the Venezuelan migrant population residing in Lima Metropolitana. Objective. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between conservatism, intergroup dynamics, and social distance among Venezuelan migrants in Lima Metropolitana. A sample of 395 residents was utilized for this study. Design. The study employed a correlational research design to examine the relationships between the variables of interest. Correlation analyses were conducted to assess the associations between variables. Path analysis was utilized to explore the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, group comparisons were conducted to examine di" erences in attitudes and perceptions across various demographic groups. Results. The # ndings indicated that there were signi# cant associations across conservatism, intergroup emotions (both negative and positive), stereotypes, and the tendencies toward exclusion and coexistence. Notably, younger participants exhibited more inclusive ideological and intergroup indicators. Moreover, the path analysis demonstrated the pivotal in$ uence of the morality stereotype and ideological dimensions on the integration and exclusion of migrants. Conclusion. The study highlights the signi# cance of cultivating favorable stereotypical perceptions of migrants and emphasizes the impact of age and ideological factors in creating conducive conditions for migrant integration. A contextual understanding of these results underscores the necessity for inclusive policies and interventions that foster social cohesion and integration within communities that have received migrants. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Refugee entrepreneurship in a non-Western country: How do Syrian refugee entrepreneurs respond to diaspora consciousness and negative prejudice?(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024-06-01)The aim of this paper is to identify how the diaspora consciousness of Syrian entrepreneurs in Egypt might affect their business practices. The research sample comprises semi-structured interviews with Syrian refugee owners of small and medium-sized businesses in Egypt. Thematic analysis was subsequently used to determine the main ideas in the transcripts from the interviews. The findings showed that diaspora consciousness stimulates Syrian refugees to actively engage in three categories of business-related practices: contextual (expanding entrepreneurial activities outside their host country, desire to constitute a Western country-based business venture), functional (reliance on a value chain within the same nationality, tending to adopt shadow economy practices), and procedural practices (preferring to develop family businesses, establishing only small and medium-sized enterprises). This paper contributes by filling a gap in the literature on refugee entrepreneurship in which empirical studies on the effect of diaspora consciousness on the business practices of refugee entrepreneurs have been limited so far. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Los «chamos» en cana(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-06-18)Following a chronic context of political crisis and violence (Antillano & Ávila, 2017; Antillano, 2023; Zubillaga & Llorens, 2023), Venezuela migration crisis of last years impacted on receptors countries such as Colombia and Perú (R4V, 2023). In particular, an exponential increase of foreign inmates in Peruvian prisons has triggered a renewed criminological discussion about migration and crime (Park et al., 1967; Brion, 1997). This article tackles an understudied aspect of this highly complex migration process: Venezuelans citizens facing pre-trial detention (74,5 %) or conviction sentences (25,5 %) in Peruvian prisons (INPE, 2024). Using a mixed methods approach we gathered statistics and conducted interviews of inmates and penitentiary agents to describe this new ‘coexistence’ in prisons. Furthermore, we discussed Venezuelan inmates’ adaptation vis á vis Peruvian prison culture and whether criminal groups could expand or transplant their activities (Varese, 2011; Garzón & Olson, 2013) to receptors country such as Panamá, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia and Chile. Thus, we argue that cultural importation dynamics take place at Peruvian prisons and, moreover, conflict emerged between two prison cultures and convict codes (one of them involving an inmate self-government background and the other familiarized with dialogued ‘prison governance’ schemes); these two different visions of ‘what life in prison should be’ struggle to impose their own ways to recreate conviviality and survival. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The response of health systems to the needs of migrants and refugees in the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative case study between Mexico, Colombia and Peru(Elsevier Ltd, 2024-12-01)Protecting the health of migrants and refugees during the pandemic was a significant challenge in the Latin American region. We aimed to describe and contrast the response of the health systems of Mexico, Colombia and Perú to migrants' and refugees’ health needs during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to situate the response in the context of the migration and health policies of each country. Methods: We conducted case studies of the three countries. The data collected for each case included: 1) policy documents; 2) peer-reviewed and grey literature; 3) qualitative interviews with key informants. Findings: The three countries issued policies to detect COVID-19 cases among migrants and refugees, and granted them access to COVID-19 care regardless of their migration status or facilitated regularization as a way to improve access to care. However, other health care needs were not considered, some groups of migrants remained invisible in the policies, and policies rarely considered the increased social and economic vulnerability of migrants and refugees during this period. Pre-existing barriers to care were made worse during the pandemic. All three countries’ response to migrants was reliant on non-governmental organizations, with international cooperation being especially active in Colombia, and local civil society organizations in Mexico. Interpretation: The response of each country was a continuation of their previous approach to migration and health. Developing plans for pandemic response that consider migrants and refugees’ particular needs will be important to improve response capacities in the future. Funding: Funding was provided by USA for the International Organization for Migration (IOM) under an agreement with the Johns Hopkins Center for Humanitarian Health. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The Ethics of Online Data Collection: Reflections on Key Informant Interviews Researching the Impacts of COVID-19 on Migrants in Latin America(2023-03-22)While most borders in Latin America were closed during the COVID-19 pandemic, the dynamics of mobility and immobility in the region did not stop. In this extreme context, there was a growing need to understand how the pandemic impacted migrant and refugee populations, as well as the long-lasting effects of measures implemented to mitigate its effects. With many migrants facing exacerbated conditions of vulnerability and with new working modalities affecting all members of society, especially those who were key respondents to protect migrants in the first year of the pandemic, key ethical questions emerged about how, when and where, should research be conducted. This paper reflects on the ethical challenges we faced – such as interviewees' research fatigue, negotiation of access, researcher’s positionality and the strategies to create rapport – and the methodological decisions we made in the context of a regional project that conducted online interviews with governmental and non-governmental actors working with migrants between June and August 2020.