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Item type:Publication, Historical microplastic records in marine sediments: current progress and methodological evaluation(Elsevier, 2021-07-01)Plastic production has increased continuously since its massification in the 1950s. Microplastics (MPs), plastic particles smaller than 5 mm, are contaminants widespread across all environmental compartments, including remote ecosystems. Thus, MPs could serve as geological proxies of the Anthropocene, a proposed geological epoch characterized for the human-derived influence on the environment. MP investigation in sedimentary records requires specific sampling and analytical procedures exclusive to this line of research. Failing to properly conduct one or many of the standardized procedures compromises the veracity of the data obtained. In the present review, we assessed the current advances and notorious results in studies investigating MPs in the sedimentary record, a recent area of research. Also, a method-based diagnosis was conducted by critically analyzing the sampling and dating, MP extraction, polymer identification, and contamination prevention steps. We aimed to provide recommendations to future research based on critical analyses of the current state of the art and to present prospective outlooks regarding MPs as geological markers of modern civilization. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Prevalence of microplastics in the ocean in Latin America and the Caribbean(Elsevier, 2021-12-12)The release of microplastics to the ocean is an increasing global environmental concern. The specific characteristics of the Global South (e.g., widespread mismanaged waste and wastewater) make this an even greater challenge. The current study performed a critical review related to the prevalence of microplastics in the ocean in Latin America and the Caribbean, analyzing also the possible sources of microplastics release to the marine environment. A majority of the studies assessed point towards mismanaged waste, inland or offshore, as well as mismanaged wastewater as critical sources of plastic pollution into the ocean. However, there is a need to delve into the effects that these microplastics are generating on local biota and human health. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Environmental pollution with antifouling paint particles: distribution, ecotoxicology, and sustainable alternatives(Elsevier, 2021-08-01)Antifouling paint particles (APPs) are a type of paint particle loaded with toxic biocidal compounds. The present review focused on the current knowledge in respect of the abundance, distribution, and ecotoxicological effects of APPs in the marine environment. Also, the recent advances in nontoxic biobased antifouling paints were discussed as potential alternatives to contemporary marine coatings. The presence of APPs is mainly associated with boat maintenance in boatyards and port areas. Conventional microplastic assessments showed a significant contribution of paint particles to the morphological composition. Moreover, recent ecotoxicological studies demonstrated that environmental concentrations of APPs induce mortality (LC50) in sediment dwellers and macroinvertebrates. Novel biocides from natural sources and biopolymer binders in the formulation of antifouling paints are proposed as potential alternatives to conventional antifouling paints. The toxicity of most natural biocides is negligible to nontargeted species, while biopolymers are expected to prevent the formation of APPs. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Analyzing the behavior of beachgoers in the city of Lima and their relationship with potential plastic emissions(Elsevier Ltd, 2024-12-01)Beach littering is a source of marine plastic waste accumulation. This is particularly so in overcrowded beaches in the Global South in which cleaning measures are scarce or sporadic and lack of waste management systems can increase plastic release. In the current study we focus on the importance of the behavior shown by beachgoers and how their conduct relates to the amount of plastic that potentially ends up entering littoral ecosystems. Transportation services to beaches, sports, food, and beverage containers are analyzed through a 24-question survey performed to 500 beachgoers in 4 beaches (i.e., Venecia, Punta Negra, Punta Hermosa and San Bartolo) located in the megacity of Lima, Peru, in February 2022. The data obtained were then processed to understand the differences in behavior across different beaches. Moreover, a K-means algorithm was used to identify representative beachgoer profiles. The results showed a dichotomous behavior between two groups of beaches, in which the size group of beachgoers, transportation mode, accommodation, food consumption patterns or the use of reusable containers are some of the main differences between the two groups. No major differences were identified in terms of age distribution across the different beaches, but group sizes were higher in Punta Negra and Villa El Salvador. The K-means algorithm suggests that the surveyed population can be grouped into three main categories, of which two correspond mainly to higher socioeconomic beachgoers in the beaches of Punta Hermosa and San Bartolo. Overall, single use plastic for food and beverages appears as one of the main sources of plastic pollution across beaches and groups, although other sources of plastic emission should not be underestimated. Finally, the three beachgoer profiles identified are useful to implement targeted policies to minimize the environmental impacts of these profiles. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Ocean-Based Sources of Plastic Pollution: An Overview of the Main Marine Activities in the Peruvian EEZ(Elsevier Ltd, 2023-04-01)Marine-based activities are a critical source of plastic waste into the ocean. This is particularly important in countries with a competitive fishing industry, such as Peru. Thus, this study aimed to identify and quantify the major flows of plastic waste accumulating in the ocean from ocean-based sources within the Peruvian Economic Exclusive Zone. A material flow analysis was elaborated to analyze the stock of plastic and its release to the ocean by a set of Peruvian fleets, including the fishing industry, merchant vessels, cruises, and boating vessels. Results show that in 2018 between 2715 and 5584 metric tons of plastic waste entered the ocean. The fishing fleet was the most pollutant, representing approximately 97 % of the total. Moreover, fishing gear loss represented the highest single-activity contribution, although other sources, such as plastic packaging and antifouling emissions, have the potential to become vast sources of marine plastic pollution. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Microplastics in Coastal Aquaculture Systems: Development of Regulatory Frameworks, Practices and Mitigation Efforts in APEC Economies(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 2023-06-01)International audience - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Knowledge gaps and future research priorities linked to microplastic abundance and occurrence in Peruvian fisheries and seafood products(Elsevier Ltd, 2025-03-01)Microplastic (MP) pollution has been largely documented in aquaculture systems, farmed animals, fishmeal, and feed, as well as in humans due to ingestion from food, including seafood, although a skew remains with fisheries and supply chains more commonly assessed for MP pollution in the Global North. In this sense, the main objective of this short communication is to explore how Peru, the biggest fishmeal, and fish oil (FMFO) producer worldwide, performs in terms of plastic pollution in fisheries and derived seafood products. For this, the available scientific literature has been analyzed. Our analysis suggests that studies in Peru are scarce, and more research must be undergone to evaluate the full extent of plastic pollution in its seafood supply chains. The literature analyzed suggests that pelagic species are more vulnerable to MP exposure and ingestion, and that a gradient in terms of closeness to the coast and depth of the fishery may be determining the level of occurrence and abundance of MPs in Peruvian fisheries. Furthermore, the combination of lack of measures for controlling plastic leakage to the ocean in Peru, with the closeness to the coast of most fishing grounds makes the Peruvian fishing industry highly vulnerable to plastic pollution. In this sense, as the Peruvian FMFO industry overwhelmingly targets anchoveta (Engraulis ringens), a pelagic fish, MP pollution of FMFO products must be monitored, as occurrence could lead to an introduction of MPs in aquaculture products worldwide and subsequent human consumption.1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Expanding life cycle impact assessment to account for marine plastic emissions: a case study for the fishing industry(Springer Science+Business Media, 2026-03-01)Fishing is a major source of plastic pollution, which is harmful to marine life. Life cycle assessment studies do not usually include plastic emissions in their inventory or impact assessment. There has been a recent surge of methodological development to include plastic impacts in life cycle impact assessment (LCIA). This study of anchoveta and cod fishing included dissipative plastic emissions in the inventory data and tests currently available characterisation factors for plastic pollution impacts to identify their importance for ecosystem quality damage. Life cycle inventory (LCI) data was gathered for two systems that produce 1 tonne of fish product (anchoveta fishmeal, consumer packaged cod). LCIA calculations were performed using IMPACT World+ to calculate ecosystem quality damage. In addition, plastic impact pathways for the physical effects from microplastics on biota (both water and sediment-dwelling organisms) and entanglement were included. The fishing stage dominates the ecosystem quality (EQ) damage results for both systems. For cod fished with gillnets, production of antifouling coating is the dominant contributor. Entanglement results completely dominate the picture for anchoveta. Overall, freshwater ecotoxicity (long term) causes the largest overall EQ damage. The emissions that contribute the most to freshwater ecotoxicity (long term) are metals from fishing gear production (mainly associated with the lead in the bottom rope), followed by polyethylene production for the cod system. For anchoveta, production of phosphoric acid and iron sulphate for fishmeal processing contribute the most. The second most important impact category is climate change (long term), due to emissions of fossil-derived carbon dioxide, as well as refrigerant R500 for anchoveta. Even with 100% fragmentation into microplastics, physical effects on biota account for less than 0.1% of the total EQ damage. Including the impacts associated with plastic emissions is important in LCAs where plastic materials or products are used. Without the inclusion of the plastic impacts, LCAs will not capture all of the impacts that plastics can have on the ecosystem. This study shows that whether parts, or the whole of the gear (including ropes) are included affects the importance of the mismanaged waste losses in the value chain, as well as the microplastic impacts associated with fishing gear losses at sea. The timescale for when lost fishing gear can still entangle organisms is extremely important for the overall damage caused by fishing and should be investigated further.1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Characterization and temporal variation of microplastics in surface waters and sediments of the lower Lurín River basin, Peru(Elsevier BV, 2026-11-01)Microplastics (MP) are a major concern for aquatic ecosystems due to their widespread presence and biological impacts. The lower Lurín River basin is particularly vulnerable due to wastewater discharges and solid waste pollution. This study analyzed MP contamination in surface water and sediments at four points during the dry and wet seasons. Raman spectroscopy was used on representative samples to validate visual identification and confirm chemical composition. MP were identified in surface waters (median: 0.24 items/m3; range: 0–0.67) and sediments (median: 20 items/kg; range: 0–80). Spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and cellulose, supporting the visual classification. White was the most frequent color in both surface waters and sediments (64.3% and 42.9%, respectively). Fibers were the prevalent morphology (>60%), followed by fragments in water (26.2%) and films in sediments (17.9%). A significant difference in MP abundance was found in sediments (H = 8.305; p = 0.040) between point P1 (closest to the mouth) and P4. In surface water, a negative correlation was observed between precipitation and MP abundance (rs = −0.649; p = 0.004), suggesting a dilution effect. No significant seasonal differences were detected in water (p = 0.310) or sediments (p = 0.791). These results may have been influenced by the 2023 El Niño event, which increased precipitation during the traditional dry season.1