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Item type:Publication, Estimation of the effective nominal power of a photovoltaic generator under non-ideal operating conditions(Elsevier, 2021-12-20)The nominal power is an essential parameter for evaluating the general state of a photovoltaic plant. The American Society for Testing and Materials, the International Electrotechnical Commission and other works propose procedures that allow estimating the nominal power of a photovoltaic generator in outdoor conditions. These procedures generally require monitoring days with ideal conditions, particularly clear sky days with high irradiance values and low wind speeds. These restrictions can limit the available number of monitoring days, especially in places with frequent cloud formations. In this work, a 109.44 kW photovoltaic plant was monitored for six months in Granada, Spain. Its nominal power is first estimated applying a referential procedure reported in the literature for large PV plants under the required ideal climatic conditions. In order to overcome the restrictions for estimating the nominal power, we propose a new procedure applicable not only for ideal but also for non-ideal conditions, such as found on partially cloudy days. This new procedure applies non-parametric statistics to find the most probable value of the nominal power within a single monitoring day. A statistical analysis indicates that it reliably estimates the nominal power at non-ideal conditions while preserving the same estimation accuracy as under ideal conditions. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Combination of single-point standard addition calibration and natural internal standardization for quantification of terpenes in Pisco samples(Academic Press Inc., 2021-07-01)Combination of single-point standard addition calibration and natural internal standardization was investigated as a practical strategy for the quantification of terpenes in Pisco samples using HS-SPME-GC-MS. All GC-MS data were acquired under simultaneous Full Scan and SIM modes using two quantification strategies identified as “reference strategy” and “simplified strategy”. Linearity was first confirmed for linalool oxide, linalool and α-terpineol in a non-aromatic Pisco sample. The simplified strategy consisted of standard multicomponent addition of these same three terpenes to aromatic Pisco samples evaluating functionality of naturally present esters acting as candidate internal standards. The reference strategy consisted in the individual addition of every terpene standard to samples, using other naturally present terpenes as internal standards. Uncertainty budgets were presented for both calibration strategies. Relative combined standard uncertainties were between 6.6% and 10% for the reference strategy and between 1.9% and 33% for the simplified strategy using isoamyl acetate as natural internal standard and obtaining zeta-score values smaller than 2. Combination of single-point standard addition and use of a natural internal standard for HS-SPME-GC-MS measurements appears to be a potentially useful and reliable approach for measurements of terpenes in Pisco, and possibly in other measurements fields still in development.