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Item type:Publication, CNM Audios: una mirada psicoanalítica(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2019-11-29)This study presents a qualitative research based on the psychoanalytic theoretical framework with the purpose of realize an analysis of the 101 audios published by the IDL Reporteros website, about corruption in the Consejo Nacional de la Magistratura of Perú. The psychoanalytic framework allows to analyze the presence of unconscious mechanisms inscribed in the instituted links between the main characters of these audios, also called «hermanitos». The research presents a route of the psychoanalytic ideas related to group and institution phenomena, from Sigmund Freud to contemporary authors like Kaës and Ulloa. Freud’s work allows to analyze unconscious mechanisms like projection, idealization and identification. Kaës proposes group mechanisms like denied pact and narcissistic contract, and Ulloa highlights the tragic entrapment, an institutional and social device that perpetuates cruelty where there’s no other that intercede. The results show the emergence of eight categories obtained through thematic analysis. Based on the results, we describe the functioning of the power structure of the hermanito’s group, maintained on corruption and an excessive seizure desire and exploitation of others, characteristic of omnipotent fantasies expressed on denied pacts or agreements that pretend to be above civilization and its discontents. About its functioning, we can remark a common language and speaking in code that brings cohesion to the group and allows observing the relationship between subjects. The group reflects a vertical power structure in which subordinates are exploited and forced, as well as dependents. In it stand outs unconscious alliances with evident family springs that ensure its continuity by activities of enjoyment and exclusivity. Likewise, external threats generate paranoid fantasies that reinforce speaking in code, as well as place out a persecutor that threats the perpetration of this structure.3 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, CNM Audios: una mirada psicoanalítica(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2019-11-29)This study presents a qualitative research based on the psychoanalytic theoretical framework with the purpose of realize an analysis of the 101 audios published by the IDL Reporteros website, about corruption in the Consejo Nacional de la Magistratura of Perú. The psychoanalytic framework allows to analyze the presence of unconscious mechanisms inscribed in the instituted links between the main characters of these audios, also called «hermanitos». The research presents a route of the psychoanalytic ideas related to group and institution phenomena, from Sigmund Freud to contemporary authors like Kaës and Ulloa. Freud’s work allows to analyze unconscious mechanisms like projection, idealization and identification. Kaës proposes group mechanisms like denied pact and narcissistic contract, and Ulloa highlights the tragic entrapment, an institutional and social device that perpetuates cruelty where there’s no other that intercede. The results show the emergence of eight categories obtained through thematic analysis. Based on the results, we describe the functioning of the power structure of the hermanito’s group, maintained on corruption and an excessive seizure desire and exploitation of others, characteristic of omnipotent fantasies expressed on denied pacts or agreements that pretend to be above civilization and its discontents. About its functioning, we can remark a common language and speaking in code that brings cohesion to the group and allows observing the relationship between subjects. The group reflects a vertical power structure in which subordinates are exploited and forced, as well as dependents. In it stand outs unconscious alliances with evident family springs that ensure its continuity by activities of enjoyment and exclusivity. Likewise, external threats generate paranoid fantasies that reinforce speaking in code, as well as place out a persecutor that threats the perpetration of this structure. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Variegated dependence: The geographically differentiated economic outcomes of resource-based development in Peru, 2001-2015(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2018-04)The economic impacts of resource-based development are distributed unevenly across national space, and not even mining regions experience economic development in the same way. We build on the methodology of Rehner et. al. (2014) to typify resource-based economic development in Peru in the period 2001- 2015 and compare it with the case of mineral-abundant Chile. What we find is a nuanced version of the same dependency-related resource curse phenomenon. With the commodity cycle: (i) export specialization is not the same in all places; (ii) regional growth volatility is much higher in Peru than in Chile; (iii) the Dutch disease does not clearly manifest itself; and therefore (iv) economic dependence within Peru is variegated. At the national level, gold-and-copper-dependent Peru is not as vulnerable as copper-dependent Chile to external shocks. At the subnational level, outside Lima in particular, dependence-related volatility can be very high for clusters of regions. The results of the quantitative analysis are attuned to a theoretical framework of variegated dependence, which, while acknowledging the centrality of the center-and-periphery supranational structure for economic development, attributes variation in resource curse phenomena to subnational differences across space and over time in economic-geography configurations and institutional regimes. Los impactos económicos del desarrollo basado en los recursos se distribuyen de manera desigual a través del espacio nacional, y ni siquiera las regiones mineras experimentan el desarrollo económico de la misma manera. Trabajamos sobre la metodología de Rehner et. al. (2014) para tipificar el desarrollo económico basado en los recursos en el Perú en el período 2001-2015 y compararlo con el caso del Chile abundante en minerales. Lo que encontramos es una versión matizada del mismo fenómeno de maldición de recursos relacionados con la dependencia. Con el ciclo de commodities: (i) la especialización de exportaciones no es la misma en todos los lugares; (ii) la volatilidad del crecimiento regional es mucho más alta en Perú que en Chile; (iii) la enfermedad holandesa no se manifiesta claramente; y por lo tanto (iv) la dependencia económica dentro de Perú es matizada. A nivel nacional, el Perú dependiente del oro y el cobre no es tan vulnerable como Chile dependiente del cobre a los shocks externos. A nivel subnacional, fuera de Lima en particular, la volatilidad relacionada con la dependencia puede ser muy alta para los conglomerados de regiones. Los resultados del análisis cuantitativo están en sintonía con un marco teórico de dependencia diversa que, aunque reconoce la centralidad de la estructura supranacional centro-periferia para el desarrollo económico, atribuye la variación en los fenómenos de maldición de recursos a las diferencias subnacionales a través del espacio y en el tiempo en configuraciones económico-geográficas y regímenes institucionales. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Vacíos institucionales en las organizaciones: una mirada a cómo los emprendimientos sociales los enfrentan(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento Académico de Ciencias de la Gestión, 2023-08-18)La teoría institucional aporta a las ciencias de la gestión en la comprensión del entorno en el cual operan las organizaciones, dado que las instituciones sólidas son necesarias para reducir la incertidumbre en las transacciones y hacer cumplir las reglas; no obstante, en países emergentes cobra más relevancia el estudio de los vacíos institucionales puesto que en estos escenarios las instituciones se encuentran ausentes o son débiles. Entre los principales vacíos institucionales se encuentran la falta de acceso al talento por parte de las organizaciones, la asimetría en la información, la falta de capital de trabajo, la infraestructura, la falta de confianza y la exclusión social. Estos vacíos, formales e informales, obstaculizan las transacciones en el mercado y, por ende, el desarrollo de su sociedad. Un modelo organizacional que atiende tanto los vacíos formales como los informales es el de los emprendimientos sociales, organizaciones que crean valor social y económico a la vez desde un modelo de negocio. A partir del análisis de casos de emprendimientos sociales peruanos se encuentra que estos llenan los vacíos tanto formales como informales, pues crean productos y servicios que fomentan la inversión en infraestructura, acceso al mercado laboral, etc., con la finalidad de cerrar las brechas creadas por la exclusión social en las comunidades vulnerables. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The institutional marks in the functioning of support networks: The case of Peruvian teachers in times of pandemic(Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Departamento de Antropologia Social y Cultural, 2024-01-01)Teachers are a key building-block of the educational process. In a limit situation that disrupted everyday life, such as that of the COVID-19 pandemic, how were teachers’ personal support networks put into motion to respond to their emerging work-related (teaching) and personal needs? What was the role of the institutional and organizational contexts in this process? This study seeks to answer these questions based on empirical data from Peruvian secondary education teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The methodological design was mixed in nature (sociometric and qualitative). Several social support mobilization processes were found. In particular, we highlight the occurrence of mixed mobilization processes. Likewise, institutional (family) and organizational (educational institutions) contexts conditioned these processes in different ways. Teachers recreated organizational routines that had already existed before the pandemic, but also developed new support practices. Some of these practices tended to become routinized, but others were resisted, due to their unintended negative consequences on teachers’ lives. These results add new analytical elements to existing theories on social support mobilization processes. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Country without oxygen: Institutional weakness in COVID-19(Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, 2024-04-01)One of the leading causes of the impact magnitude of COVID-19 in Peru was the lack of medical oxygen. What explains this oxygen shortage, which is high even by regional standards? This article presents a response from the perspective of the legacies of the Peruvian health system. First, a structural cause. The historical deficiencies of the health system and specific characteristics linked to outsourcing services led to a low capacity to provide this resource. Second, an institutional legacy. A 2010 regulation established a purity requirement of 99% for medical oxygen. This percentage, which is well above international standards, reduced the offer, concentrating it on two providers. The case of the Ayacucho region, which has a better supply of oxygen thanks to two high-volume tanks, illustrates some of these dynamics and the importance of this resource in saving lives. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Divisiones sin Sendero: identidades nacionales y degradación institucional en el Perú contemporáneo(Instituto de Democracia y Derechos Humanos de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (IDEHPUCP), 2023-11)El presente capítulo se enfoca en los efectos contemporáneos de dos identidades radicales de largo aliento: la identidad «tutelar-elitista», que refuerza las jerarquías tradicionales bajo la idea de «progreso», y la identidad «refundadora-popular» orientada a romper con la «dominación» reivindicando a los de «abajo». Ambas identidades no solo preceden y trascienden el conflicto armado, sino que fueron intensificadas por este a pesar de la derrota de Sendero Luminoso. El capítulo argumenta que estas identidades estructuran posiciones encontradas alrededor de tres patrones institucionales: a) el modelo económico, b) la geografía electoral y c) la conflictividad social. Asimismo, llama la atención sobre las tendencias desestructurantes de estas identidades y, en particular, su rol en generar enfrentamientos irreconciliables que contribuyen a una constante degradación institucional y al actual colapso social. El trabajo concluye que la supervivencia de estas identidades contradice las recomendaciones de la CVR referidas a construir un nuevo pacto social.