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    La matriz de capacidades y desempeños (MCD) y el algoritmo del desarrollo humano (ADH)
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía, 2009)
    Given that human development is a complex process involving multiple components and determining factors, multidimensional indicators are needed. On the basis of the extensive literature on the subject, we advance two new indicators: the Matrix of Capabilities and Functioning (MCF), and the Algorithm of Human Development (HDA). The MCF is composed of vectors of capabilities and functioning’s, based on Sen’s idea of Refined Functioning’s. It is based in a matricial framework. both static and dynamic The main purpose of constructing this index is to study how different sets of capabilities relate to alternative functioning’s, to produce diverse outcomes. The Human Development Algorithm (HAD) is a multidimensional index concerning the set of goods and services needed to complete a life cycle. The HDA is a socio-economic context indicator. It is composed of the main “satisfactory” or basic goods and services needed: food, health, education, housing, social security, decent employment and retirement programs, that might be available to all throughout of life cycle. This indicator shows the material progress reached by each country or region as well the institutional organization, private and public, and the degree of social cohesion and solidarity.
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    The Gini index: A modern measure of inequality
    (Springer International Publishing, 2022-01-01)
    The Gini index is the most widely accepted inequality measure across the Globe, with almost all governmental and international agencies using it to summarise income or wealth inequality in a nation or the world. Although originally developed to be a standardised measure of statistical dispersion intended to understand income distribution, the Gini index has evolved into quantifying inequity in all kinds of distributions of wealth, gender parity, access to education and health services, and environmental policies, among others. In this work, we present the original Gini index, as well as some of the various existent alternative Gini formulations, while also exploring various traditional and modern applications of the index in different settings, at national and international levels. We further discuss the implications of the traditional Gini index for international diplomacy and policymaking and conclude with some future directions on the topic.