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Item type:Publication, Dataset on Financial Literacy, Financial Inclusion, Informal Financial Business Practices, and Intentions towards Formalization of Female Small Vendors in Lima, Peru(Brill Academic Publishers, 2024-01-01)This article presents findings from a survey conducted in Lima, Peru, aimed at understanding the relationships between education, financial literacy, financial inclusion, and informal financial business practices among small female vendors. The study, which collected 118 valid responses, focused on the impact of these factors on vendors' intentions toward formalization. Formality was assessed based on legal registration with tax authorities, emphasizing the informal practices viewed on a continuum. These practices were evaluated using a five-point gradation scale that depicted varying levels of formality. Financial literacy, financial inclusion, and formalization intentions were measured using a five-point Likert scale, while a dichotomous question captured the formality-informality of the businesses. The demographic variables included age, gender, business tenure, employee count, and business activity. Educational level, typically treated as demographic, was considered an antecedent to financial literacy. The dataset linked to this study included raw survey data. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers, industry representatives, public authorities, and stakeholders from developing countries to deal with informality and formalization. The survey methodology and data are adaptable for use in different national contexts, facilitating comparative analysis in developing countries. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Financial literacy and risky credit behavior: The moderating effect of minimalist lifestyle(Springer Publishing Company, 2024-11-01)The minimalist lifestyle represents an opportunity to make more conscious consumption decisions that lead to higher well-being. In spite of its growing popularity among the younger generations, this lifestyle has received little attention from scholars. To address this limitation, the influence of the minimalist lifestyle on the financial decision-making process was examined. Particularly, the study investigated the moderating effect of the minimalist lifestyle on the relationship between financial literacy and risky credit behavior among 308 adults in Lima, Peru. Using partial least squares structural modeling, the results revealed that the adoption of the minimalist lifestyle strengthened the negative association between financial literacy and risky credit behavior. In other words, the minimalist lifestyle allowed the individual’s level of financial literacy to have a higher effect on risky behavior related to consumer credit only among individuals from Generation Y. What’s more, the application of artificial neural network allowed the identification of financial knowledge and financial behavior as the most important mitigators of risky credit behavior among Generation Y and Generation X individuals, respectively. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Screening Financial Literacy in Young Business-Oriented Professionals. Conjectures of Financial Duality and Financial Divergence(Cherkas Global University Press, 2023-01-01)The main purpose of this research is the estimation and analysis of the level of Financial Literacy of professionals oriented to business management. The sample was composed of young executives starting MBA studies. The level of FL was analyzed in detail through various statistical techniques, under two perspectives. The first perspective referred to the dimensions involved in the definition of FL and the second referred to the demographic characteristics of the population. Theresults show a level of FL that does not reach an acceptable minimum in its global measurement; neither in its different dimensions, but the Information dimension. In general terms, this result is reproduced at the different demographic segments analyzed. In terms of the demographic categories, there were no differences in age or gender. Based on the income level, there were differences in the Knowledge and Information dimensions. Likewise, based on the number of dependents and on profession, there were differences in the Consciousness dimension. The results allow us to make two important conjectures for further research: the Financial Duality and the Financial Divergence conjectures. It is postulated that the Financial Duality conjecture could be explained through Kahneman’s theory of System 1/System 2 and corresponding behavioral biases. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Measuring gender gaps in financial literacy: evidence from Peru(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2026-06-09)This study examines gender differences in financial literacy in Peru using nationally representative ENCF data for 2013–2022. It assesses whether observed gaps persist after accounting for measurement choices, socioeconomic composition and distributional heterogeneity. Design/methodology/approach The analysis compares alternative financial literacy measures: the OECD/INFE core index, an extended six-item index, a wave-specific PCA-based score and an equal-weighted extended index. Mean gender gaps are estimated using pooled regressions with survey-year fixed effects and socioeconomic controls. Distributional heterogeneity is examined through conditional quantile regressions and unconditional quantile regressions based on Recentered Influence Functions (RIF). Findings Gender differences are sensitive to measurement design and model specification. Women display lower average financial literacy in unadjusted estimates, but these gaps attenuate substantially once education, employment, informality and household characteristics are controlled for. Evidence of a robust mean gender gap is limited. Conditional quantile regressions show no significant differences among comparable individuals, whereas unconditional RIF regressions reveal a female disadvantage only at the lower tail of the population distribution. This suggests that observed gaps are mainly compositional, reflecting women's overrepresentation among socioeconomically vulnerable groups. Originality/value The paper shows that conclusions about gender gaps in financial literacy depend on both measurement design and distributional perspective. By distinguishing conditional from unconditional differences, it offers a more nuanced interpretation of gender disparities and supports targeted financial education policies in developing-country contexts. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Beyond the counter: unveiling the financial informality dynamics of female entrepreneurs in Lima's Bodega sector(Emerald Publishing, 2026-04-02)This study examines the interrelations among educational level, financial literacy, financial inclusion and informal financial business practices of female entrepreneurs in Lima, Peru, focusing on their intentions toward business formalization. Additional2