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Nietzsche: Experimental Skepticism and the Question of Values
(Springer, 2020-10-19)
After presenting the general state of the field regarding Nietzsche and skepticism in specialized studies, I explain why it is essential to contextualize this topic through a comparative analysis of Human, All Too Human and Beyond Good and Evil. Both books raise the issue of skepticism in relation to the possibility of knowledge, the end of metaphysics, and the problem of values. Nietzsche seeks to overcome epistemological skepticism by means of an alliance between philosophy and history in the so-called intermediate books Daybreak and The Gay Science, and then concludes in Beyond Good and Evil that skepticism is a good instrument in the pursuit of knowledge and of that which has value, and that precisely skepticism, as an instrument, is essential for philosophy, which is nonetheless responsible for not being skeptical about what has value.
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Sobre el conocimiento de la cosa en sí según Schopenhauer
(Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2020-04-15)
This paper proposes to analyze Schopenhauer’s methodological and hermeneutical considerations regarding the knowledge of the thing-in-itself. For this purpose, I explain the nature of the philosophical abstraction in light of the primacy of the metaphysics of the Will. I argue that the possibility of the philosophical research is rooted on the interpretation of self-knowledge as an instance of the Will’s objectivation. In this regard, I will plead that the definition and criteria developed by Schopenhauer for his philosophy are established at the expense of deductive demonstration, in favor of a peculiar and particular form of abstraction fitted for the philosophical enterprise and subject matter. Finally, I will present an interpretation of the epistemological basis of reflection in line with schopenhauerian philosophy.
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The epistemic foundations of injustice: lessons from the Young Marx
(Springer Nature, 2021-12-01)
This article intends to show to what extent the early Marxian categories of alienation, ideology and proletariat can serve to better understand current forms of epistemic injustice, as well as, conversely, how the latter can illuminate some unclear aspects of such concepts. In the first part, it will be explained the extent to which Marx’s concept of alienation accounts for the experience of an individual in a world to whose norms she is subject, but which she cannot recognise as her own. It will be shown that Marx finds the answer in a form of emancipatory praxis linked to a transformative appropriation of social reality. In order to deepen the understanding of this idea of emancipation, the second part will analyse the Marxian concept of the proletariat. It will be argued that taking up some considerations about the Hegelian figure of the rabble, Marx distinguishes a “liberal” from a “human” form of emancipation. In the third part, a contemporary example will be used to show the usefulness of the young Marx’s analyses concerning this dimension of emancipation struggles. In the fourth part, these ideas will be developed further through the concept of epistemic injustice, which has gained great importance in the recent studies that Critical Theory carries out of the different socio-epistemic blocks of an ideological nature that prevent articulating, communicating and overcoming negative experiences that hinder individual self-realisation. In this sense, it will be shown the importance of the Marxian categories of alienation and ideology to theoretically address current forms of epistemic injustice, and, in relation to this, it will be explained the transformative and constitutive function of the excluded in the creation of new sectors of reality through which their demands can be met.
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Scientific economic laws of capitalism
(Springer International Publishing, 2021-09-16)
The discovery of causality relations is one of the main objectives of science. Epistemology principles dictate that causality relations can only be derived from scientific theories. Therefore, the answer to the questions of why and how capitalism functions in a particular way cannot come from data alone, but from an economic theory that has survived the falsification process; that is, in order to understand the real world, the construction of an world is a necessary condition. No theory, no causality, and no explanation. Unified theory of capitalism satisfies these epistemological requirements. Therefore, this essay presents the causality relations that the unified theory is able to establish, which constitute the economic laws of capitalism. A comparison with the laws derived from standard economics is also presented. The nature of scientific laws in economics is then discussed.
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Introduction to unified theory of capitalism
(Springer International Publishing, 2021-09-16)
This essay is an introduction to unified theory of capitalism. It is intended to make the essays of the book more accessible. In the first part, the chapter presents the epistemological principles of economics and then the primary assumptions of the unified theory, its empirical predictions, and the consistency of predictions with facts. Thus it is shown that indeed the unified theory is a good representation of the real-world capitalism. The second part of the chapter compares, based on epistemological criteria, the traits of the unified theory with those of the prevailing economic theories, namely, neoclassical, Keynesian, and Marxian. On epistemological grounds, the unified theory appears to be superior as it can explain facts that the other theories also can, but explains additional facts that the others cannot.
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Inequality, power relations, and democracy
(Springer International Publishing, 2021-09-16)
In the post-World War II period, capitalism has been characterized by rapid economic growth, but accompanied by social maladies as side effects. This has been the growth age of capitalism, as growth rates of output per capita have been higher than ever. The basic social maladies include income inequality, social disorder, and environment degradation. Today's social maladies are also higher than ever. This outcome is certainly a paradox in a democratic society. The unified theory of capitalism supplies an explanation: The outcome reflects the power relations under which democratic capitalism operates. Given this striking finding, this essay summarizes the foundations of the unified theory and the epistemological justification of its findings, and then elaborates further on the explanation. The ultimate factor explaining the outcome of growth with social maladies in the capitalist system, taken by parts and taken as a whole, is the initial inequality. Societies that are very unequal by birth can hardly attain social progress. The initial inequality is truly a curse.
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Revisiting Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology of the ego: Existence and praxis
(Springer Nature, 2022-01-01)
Two views have characterized the mainstream reception of Husserl’s work based on his lifetime’s publications. One considers his method and philosophy as primarily theoretical and dependent on the Cartesian paradigm. The other regards his eidetic method as caught in a “logicism of essences.” Both endured after Husserl’s 1936 Crisis and the later publications of his Nachlass. Thus the view has prevailed that his work was unable to address questions concerning concrete existence, historical facticity, ethical life, and metaphysical problems. Offsetting this view, this paper examines the origin and underlying arguments of these two interpretations and attempts to shed new light on both. In doing so, the paper accomplishes two tasks. First, it uncovers the eminently practical nature of Husserl’s transcendental subjectivity as a functioning active (constitutive) ego. Second, it reveals the existential roots of his transcendental ego. Both approaches stand together, and their upshot is a non-conventional, “unitary,” interpretation of Husserl’s work.
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Filosofía de la religión como crítica breve ensayo sobre las tareas fundamentales de la filosofía de la religión
(Universidad Femenina del Sagrado Corazón, 2022-07-05)
This article uses the tension between the unconditioned and the conditioned that Kant detects in the human being and that he presents in the Critique of Pure Reason in order to account for the internal dynamics of the philosophy of religion. In this sense, the work presents the way in which Kant leaves behind dogmatic metaphysics to give way to another, which is the result of the "constriction of reason". Next, the ways in which an attempt is made to condition the unconditioned are presented, both in the case of freedom, in that of thought and in that of spiritual life. The solution to the problem that Kant detects is offered in the abandonment of rational theology and the passage to the resources of critical philosophy, phenomenology, pragmatism or critical theory.
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The role of epistemology in engineering-based occupational health and safety management systems
(Elite Scientific Publications, 2024-01-01)
This article explores the role of epistemology in the development and application of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Management Systems within engineering. By employing a content analysis methodology, the research delves into the philosophical underpinnings that shape the conceptualization and evolution of OHS as a scientific discipline. The study traces the historical development of human interaction with work, referencing key figures such as Plato, Saint Thomas Aquinas, Darwin, Maslow, and Karl Popper, to build a comprehensive understanding of the epistemological framework governing OHS. The research highlights the recognition of OHS by the International Labor Organization (ILO) in the 1970s, emphasizing the application of Deming’s continuous improvement cycle for accident prevention and health protection. This paper argues that epistemology, through knowledge construction, paradigm establishment, and the application of Popper's falsificationism, supports the recognition of OHS Management as a legitimate science. By connecting these epistemological principles with practical approaches to risk management and safety practices, the study provides insights into the interdisciplinary nature of OHS in engineering. The conclusions suggest that OHS Management must be considered a dynamic and evolving science, crucial for ensuring worker safety and organizational health at multiple levels. This interdisciplinary approach links the philosophical with the technical, establishing a strong foundation for future studies and applications in OHS within engineering fields.
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Education and qualitative research: Approaches to educational practice as a research object
(Universidad Cientifica del Sur, 2024-01-31)
This essay reflects on the relationship between qualitative research and the study of educational practice. Based on a review and analysis of scientific literature, it is argued that the need to study social practices, especially subaltern ones, is the context of legitimation of qualitative research in the social sciences and this allows us to identify a series of epistemological motives that constitute this approach. Educational practices are problematized from the notion of field proposed by Bourdieu. As central conclusions, the theoretical and epistemological implications of approaching the practices of educational agents from a qualitative approach are argued. The need to strengthen the epistemological, theoretical and ethical-political discussion of research on educational practices is emphasized, and a set of questions that could guide the study of teachers’ reality are problematized.

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