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    Slow environmental justice: The Cuninico oil spill and the legal struggle against oil pollution in Peruvian Amazonia
    (Routledge, 2024-01-01)
    This paper analyzes a case of environmental activism after one of the largest oil spills in Peruvian Amazonia, the 2014 Cuninico oil spill. A relatively more independent judiciary, environmental legislation, and weak though autonomous regulatory agencies led to a shift in institutional opportunity structure over the previous 20 years. The embryonic environmental state produced evidence of environmental harm and sanctioned state-owned oil enterprise Petroperú. However, that was not enough to produce timely measures to protect the affected communities. Indigenous peoples affected by the spill worked with human rights lawyers and civil society coalitions to bring the company to court. Almost a decade of high court activism has meant a burdensome process of ‘lawfare’ with important legal triumphs for plaintiffs. In 2020, a historic ruling mandated financial compensation for affected communities. Despite these triumphs, the long wait for the restitution of justice hints at an uncertain future.
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    Megaprojects Observed: The Extractivist Hiding Hand at Resource Peripheries
    (SAGE Publishing, 2025-04-14)
    Mining operations are often presented to society as comprehensive megaprojects for development. But is that truly the case? How are their environmental impacts anticipated and regulated? Located in the impoverished southern Andes of Peru, the Las Bambas mine accounts for about 2% of global copper production. In contrast to Albert Hirschman's classic theory of the Hiding Hand in economic development, this mine represents a project where initial ignorance of risks is not necessarily counterbalanced by creative solutions from state officials later on. We examine the processes of environmental regulation and assess the creativity in public policy. The significant alterations to the project and its Environmental Impact Assessment, made without mandatory citizen participation, have contributed to growing social discontent. An Extractivist Hiding Hand ensures the development of resources but little else. In this context, creativity and state capacity are deployed to conceal environmental injustices.
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