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Item type:Publication, Las tarifas de gas natural en el Perú. Una comparación de modelos regulatorios(Universidad de San Martín de Porres, 2020-07-15)The primary natural gas industry is made up of three main activities: extraction, transportation, and distribution. Natural gas transportation and distribution prices are regulated in Peru. Natural gas transportation is regulated by the efficient model company method and the distribution of natural gas is regulated by the efficient model company method, but assigning proportional prices for each use (electricity generation, industry, vehicle use and domestic consumption). to the alternates. This study compares the natural gas distribution prices determined in Peru with those that would be obtained under the efficient company model with price allocation proportional to costs. The economic effects and the recommendations are presented as conclusions. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Transitioning to sustainable mobility in Lima, Peru. Are e-scooter sharing initiatives part of the problem or the solution?(Elsevier BV, 2022-12-22)Micro-mobility has increased in urban environments to reduce dependence on private vehicles. While electric micro-mobility alternatives are supposed to reduce environmental impacts, certain studies suggest that this can depend on the transport mode they substitute. In parallel, despite growing efforts, urban areas in developing and emerging economies struggle to implement sustainable mobility programs at a city-wide level. In March 2019 the first dockless e-scooter rental service appeared in the city of Lima, Peru. Although the social and environmental impacts of dockless e-scooters have been the center of multiple studies, these are mostly based in North America and Europe. Therefore, the main objective of the current study was to use Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to address the environmental profile of e-scooter use in districts of central Lima. All stages of the life-cycle of e-scooters were modelled considering local conditions, from manufacture to end-of-life. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to account for the variability in environmental impact based on five parameters: lifespan, battery range, remaining battery charge, collection distance and collection vehicle. Results show that over two thirds of impacts are linked to manufacturing thanks to the low-carbon profile of electricity production in Peru, which lowers the burdens in the use phase, making e-scooter use competitive in the local market as compared to electric bikes or motorcycles. However, replacement trends show that net environmental gains are not always obtained. Poor maintenance and derived lifespan or battery range are important sources of variability for the impact categories assessed. Although e-scooters show potential for their implementation in developing cities with similar characteristics to Lima, we recommend that site-specific studies should be conducted to foster adaptive management strategies which take into account the means of transport being substituted by e-scooters.