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    Statistical tables in Primary Education textbooks of Peru
    (Facultad de Ciencias de la Educacion, 2022-01-01)
    In recent years, the literature shows an increase in research analyzing statistical representation of data in textbooks, but in the Peruvian context is still scarce. Therefore, this research aims to analyze activities on statistical tables present in mathematics textbooks, published by the Ministry of Education and distributed free of charge to teachers and students of Primary Education in Peru. The methodology is qualitative and descriptive. For data analysis, the content analysis technique was used by analyzing types of statistical table, types of task, reading levels and semiotic complexity levels as units of analysis in a complete series of mathematics textbooks of Primary Education, from first to sixth grade, one per level, due to their wide national coverage. The results allow us to observe predominance of tally charts and data tables, completion and comparison tasks, reading level 2 (reading within data) and semiotic complexity level 3 (representation of data distribution). It is concluded that it is necessary to increase the number and variety of tasks related to statistical tables proposed in mathematics textbooks, as well as to reinforce the presence of the highest levels of reading and semiotic complexity in the last years of Primary Education in Peru.
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    The impact of portfolio managers' familiarity with data visualization on the development of heuristics methods
    (Springer Science+Business Media, 2026-01-01)
    Cognitive theories suggest that visualization enhances decision-making by creating cognitive shortcuts that facilitate effective thinking and reduce biases. Data visualization is widely used across various projects to improve decision-making, with numerous studies exploring its role in shaping analytical processes. The objective of this research is to investigate the impact of portfolio managers’ familiarity with data visualization on the development of heuristic methods based on expert knowledge and successful decision-making. The study introduces an innovative approach by investigating the relationship between expertise in mental analysis and decision-making, particularly in the context of visualization. To achieve these objectives, relevant literature and questionnaires were utilized. Companies in Iran’s oil and gas sector and high-level infrastructure industries were selected in 2023 using random sampling to ensure diversity in size and type. Hypothesis testing was conducted using SPSS version 27 and Smart PLS 3 software to assess the current and optimal states of the research variables, followed by structural equation modeling for further evaluation. The findings highlight that the association between portfolio managers’ familiarity with data visualization and heuristics methods based on expert knowledge positively influences successful decision-making by portfolio managers and the success of the portfolio.