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    Women of vigorous spirit: Gender stereotypes and roles in the conquest of America in the 16th century
    (Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia, 2024-01-01)
    This text investigates how certain exceptional actions carried out by women in the military sphere during the conquest of America in the 16th century were documented, interpreted, and narrated by witnesses and chroniclers. These accounts were influenced by gender archetypes and stereotypes shaped and influenced by the prevailing social, religious, moral, and cultural conventions of that period. The article analyzes some paradigmatic cases from the early Peruvian viceroyalty. This analysis is conducted from a gender perspective that enables the examination of aspects such as female models transferred to the New World and the consideration of the actions of some women in frontier territories, where various factors allowed for, and even demanded, roles far removed from the norms of Early Modern society.
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    “People thought he was a Christian but he turned out to be a devil”: Protest and satire against Pedro de La Gasca in colonial Perú through Alonso de Medina (1549)
    (CSIC Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 2024-06-30)
    The actions of Pedro de La Gasca after his victory against the rebel Gonzalo Pizarro provoked the anger of several inhabitants of the Peruvian viceroyalty who criticized an unjust distribution of grants that forgot many loyalists and rewarded several conquerors who had supported the Pizarro side. This article focuses on the writings of the soldier Alonso de Medina addressed to La Gasca to denounce this action and other facts. Medina’s work is of great interest for several reasons, not only because of the uncensored information he provides about these events and their protagonists, but also because it would constitute one of the first documented manifestations of Peruvian colonial sociopolitical satirical literature.
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    Greco-Roman Rhetoric and Historiography in the Second Part of Juan de Betanzos’ Narrative of the Incas
    (Instituto de Estudios Auriseculares (IDEA), 2023-01-01)
    The present paper inquires on the influence of Classic Greco-Roman Historiography in the Second Part of the Narrative of the Incas. By means of an analysis of the rhetorical devises employed in the account of the Encounter in Cajamarca, it is proposed here that the author, Juan de Betanzos, followed closely the precepts established by Cicero and other ancient authorities for the proper writing of historic narratives or «histories».