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    Marine Litter Colonization: Methodological Challenges and Recommendations
    (Frontiers Media S.A., 2023-02-02)
    Marine litter colonization by marine invertebrate species is a major global concern resulting in the dispersal of potentially invasive species has been widely reported. However, there are still several methodological challenges and uncertainties in this field of research. In this review, literature related to field studies on marine litter colonization was compiled and analyzed. A general overview of the current knowledge is presented. Major challenges and knowledge gaps were also identified, specifically concerning: 1) uncertainties in species identification, 2) lack of standardized sampling methodologies, 3) inconsistencies with the data reported, and 4) insufficient chemical-analytical approaches to understand this phenomenon. Aiming to serve as a guide for future studies, several recommendations are provided for each point, particularly considering the inaccessibility to advanced techniques and laboratories.
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    Maritime Peoples of the Western Andes
    (Oxford University Press, 2026-05-21)
    Maritime adaptation on the Pacific coast of the Central Andes started as early as the peopling of this region during the terminal Pleistocene. Several archaeological sites between Ecuador and Chile show an early colonization of the western central Andes by well-adapted foraging groups. These initial coastal establishments led to more diversified settlement patterns, complex subsistence economies, and dynamic social interactions during the early Holocene. All the available archaeological evidence must be understood within the changing climatic and environmental context that characterized the western central Andes throughout this time. In particular, studying the nature of interactions between El Niño and maritime communities of the Central Andes is key to understanding the development of specialized economies, more permanent settlements, population growth, social resilience, and the development of social complexity.
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