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Item type:Publication, The mental health of healthcare staff working during the COVID-19 crisis: their working hours as a boundary condition(Dove Medical Press Ltd, 2021-01-01)Healthcare staff operate at the forefront of the fight against COVID-19 and hence face enormous physical and mental pressures. We aim to investigate healthcare staff’s mental health issues and the associated predictors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, this paper aims to identify some unique predictors of healthcare staff’s mental health issues in Iran, the second country after China to experience a major COVID-19 crisis. Methods: An online survey of 280 healthcare staff in all 31 provinces of Iran assessed staff’s mental distress (K6), depression, and anxiety (PHQ-4) during April 5–20, 2020 during the COVID-19 crisis. Results: Nearly a third of healthcare staff surpassed the cutoff for distress, depression, and anxiety symptoms. Females or more educated healthcare staff were more likely to experience distress. Those who were unsure whether they had COVID-19 were more likely to experience distress and depression symptoms. The number of COVID-19 cases among a healthcare worker’s colleagues or friends positively predicted the worker’s anxiety symptoms. Amongst healthcare staff, doctors were less likely than radiology technologists to experience distress and anxiety symptoms. Technicians and obstetrics staff experienced fewer anxiety symptoms. The age and the weekly working days of healthcare staff interacted such that age is asignificant predictor of mental health issues among younger but not older healthcare staff. Conclusion: The identification of the predictors of mental health issues can guide healthcare organizations to screen healthcare workers who are more likely to be mentally vulnerable in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The relationship between age and mental health among adults in Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic(Springer Science+Business Media, 2021-06-22)The evidence on the predictors of mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed contradictory findings, which prevent effective screening for mental health assistance. This study aims to identify the predictors of mental health issues, specifically examining age as a nonlinear predictor. Based on a survey of 474 adults using snowball sampling under the COVID-19 pandemic during April 1th–10th, 2020, in Iran, we found that age had a curvilinear relationship with nonsomatic pain, depression, and anxiety. Specifically, it predicted pain, depression, and anxiety disorders, negatively among adults younger than 45 years, yet positively among seniors older than 70 years. Adults who were female, were unsure about their chronic diseases, or exercised less were more likely to have mental health issues. This study, being the first paper to examine age curvilinearly, suggests future research to pay more attention to nonlinear predictors of mental health disorders in the COVID-19 pandemic. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Students with special educational needs in regular classrooms and their peer effects on learning achievement(Springer Nature, 2024-12-01)This study explores the impact of inclusive education on the educational outcomes of students without Special Educational Needs (non-SEN) in Peru, utilizing official Ministry of Education data and implementing cross-sectional regression analyses. Inclusive education is a complex issue that, without appropriate adaptations and comprehensive understanding, can present substantial challenges to the educational community. While prior research from developed nations offers diverse perspectives on the effects of inclusive education on non-SEN students, limited evidence exists regarding its impact in developing countries. Our study addresses this gap by examining inclusive education in Peru and its influence on non-SEN students, thereby contributing to the existing literature. Our findings reveal that, on average, the presence of SEN students in regular classrooms does not significantly affect their non-SEN counterparts. However, we uncover heterogeneous results contingent on the specific type of SEN and students’ academic placement. These results emphasize the importance of targeted resources and parental involvement in facilitating successful inclusive education, particularly for specific SEN types. In summary, this study underscores the need for tailored strategies and additional resources to foster the success of inclusive education and calls for further research in this field to expand our understanding and enhance educational policy. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Estimation of the Full Shape of the Crystalline Lens from OCT: Validation Using Stretched Donor Lenses(Optica Publishing Group (formerly OSA), 2023-08-01)Quantifying human crystalline lens geometry as a function of age and accommodation is important for improved cataract and presbyopia treatments. In previous works we presented eigenlenses as a basis of 3-D functions to represent the full shape of the crystalline lens ex vivo. Also, we presented the application of eigenlenses to estimate the full shape of the lens in vivo from 3-D optical coherence tomography (OCT) images, where only the central part of the lens -visible through the pupil- is available. The current work presents a validation of the use of eigenlenses to estimate in vivo the full shape of dis-accommodated lenses. We used 14 ex vivo crystalline lenses from donor eyes (11-54 y/o) mounted in a lens stretcher, and measured the geometry and the power of the lenses using a combined OCT and ray tracing aberrometry system. Ex vivo, the full extent of the lens is accessible from OCT because the incident light is not blocked by the iris. We measured in non-stretched (fully accommodated) and stretched (mimicking in vivo dis-accommodated lenses) conditions. Then, we simulated computationally in vivo conditions on the obtained ex vivo lenses geometry (assuming that just the portion of the lens within a given pupil is available), and estimated the full shape using eigenlenses. The mean absolute error (MAE) between estimated and measured lens' diameters and volumes were MAE= 0.26 ± 0.18 mm and MAE= 7.0 ± 4.5 mm3, respectively. Furthermore, we concluded that the estimation error between measured and estimated lenses did not depend on the accommodative state (change in power due to stretching), and thus eigenlenses are also useful for the full shape estimation of in vivo dis-accommodated lenses. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Diagnosis of Pregnancy Complications Using Blind Ultrasound Sweeps Performed by Individuals Without Prior Formal Ultrasound Training(Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2023-05-01)To estimate the diagnostic accuracy of blind ultrasound sweeps performed with a low-cost, portable ultrasound system by individuals with no prior formal ultrasound training to diagnose common pregnancy complications. Methods: This is a single-center, prospective cohort study conducted from October 2020 to January 2022 among people with second- and third-trimester pregnancies. Nonspecialists with no prior formal ultrasound training underwent a brief training on a simple eight-step approach to performing a limited obstetric ultrasound examination that uses blind sweeps of a portable ultrasound probe based on external body landmarks. The sweeps were interpreted by five blinded maternal-fetal medicine subspecialists. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for blinded ultrasound sweep identification of pregnancy complications (fetal malpresentation, multiple gestations, placenta previa, and abnormal amniotic fluid volume) were compared with a reference standard ultrasonogram as the primary analysis. Kappa for agreement was also assessed. Results: Trainees performed 194 blinded ultrasound examinations on 168 unique pregnant people (248 fetuses) at a mean of 28±5.85 weeks of gestation for a total of 1,552 blinded sweep cine clips. There were 49 ultrasonograms with normal results (control group) and 145 ultrasonograms with abnormal results with known pregnancy complications. In this cohort, the sensitivity for detecting a prespecified pregnancy complication was 91.7% (95% CI 87.2-96.2%) overall, with the highest detection rate for multiple gestations (100%, 95% CI 100-100%) and noncephalic presentation (91.8%, 95% CI 86.4-97.3%). There was high negative predictive value for placenta previa (96.1%, 95% CI 93.5-98.8%) and abnormal amniotic fluid volume (89.5%, 95% CI 85.3-93.6%). There was also substantial to perfect mean agreement for these same outcomes (range 87-99.6% agreement, Cohen range 0.59-0.91, P<.001 for all). Conclusion: Blind ultrasound sweeps of the gravid abdomen guided by an eight-step protocol using only external anatomic landmarks and performed by previously untrained operators with a low-cost, portable, battery-powered device had excellent sensitivity and specificity for high-risk pregnancy complications such as malpresentation, placenta previa, multiple gestations, and abnormal amniotic fluid volume, similar to results of a diagnostic ultrasound examination using a trained ultrasonographer and standard-of-care ultrasound machine. This approach has the potential to improve access to obstetric ultrasonography globally. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Why is self-employment not perceived by senior women as a priority? A North African experience(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2025-10-30)This study aims to explore the reasons why self-employment is not prioritized by senior women within the Egyptian context. Design/methodology/approach The data were collected through semistructured interviews with a purposive sample of 36 senior women who engaged in entrepreneurial activities for a period following their retirement but subsequently ceased to retain access to their pensions. The data were analyzed using the Gioia methodology to systematically identify key patterns and themes emerging from the interviews. Findings The authors revealed three main categories of barriers that discourage senior women from pursuing self-employment: personal barriers, including excess weight, impatience and aversion to social media applications; economic barriers, such as reliance on state pensions and insufficient capital to initiate business ventures; and socio-cultural barriers, encompassing traditional gender roles and shifting priorities toward religious practices. These factors collectively contribute to the widespread overlooking of self-employment opportunities among senior women in Egypt. Originality/value The originality of this research lies in its identification of often-overlooked obstacles, namely, physical health challenges, religious commitments and entrenched gender norms, that significantly impede entrepreneurial intentions among women over the age of 60 in Egypt. By highlighting the stark divergence between the entrepreneurial reluctance of Egyptian senior women and the increasing self-employment trends observed among older populations in Western societies, this paper offers a culturally nuanced reevaluation of senior women's entrepreneurship within the North African context.3 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Impact of Factors Associated with the Academic Achievement of Continuing Education Students in Peru(National University, Costa Rica, 2025-05-01)Objective. Analyze the impact of teaching modality, age, and gender on the academic achievement of continuing education students in the Peruvian context. Methodology. The research is descriptive with a quantitative approach. Data from 436 students of a diploma course taught in face-to-face (2018-2019) and online (2020-2022) modalities were analyzed. Statistical tests such as analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student's t were used to assess the impact of independent variables on academic achievement. Results. ANOVA showed a significant impact of teaching mode (η²p = 0.128) and a small impact of age (η²p = 0.017), but not of gender. The t-tests showed a higher average performance in the virtual mode compared to the face-to-face mode, with a moderate effect size (d = 0.77). In terms of age, no significant differences were found within each modality, although the younger group performed better in the online modality. Discussion and conclusions. The online modality can offer advantages for continuing education in the context of this research, possibly because of its flexibility and adaptation to the profile of adult learners. It is also suggested to take into account the influence of these factors in the adoption of pedagogical strategies for the planning of continuing education activities, as well as to promote a competent, equitable, and quality educational environment, considering its constant improvement and evaluation.4