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    Taking stock of corporate social responsibility practices in Peru: the role of internal and external CSR, accountability and citizenship
    (Inderscience Publishers, 2022-01-01)
    This paper reviews corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its challenges in four main Peruvian private sectors (agroindustry, construction, mining and manufacturing). Based on the lessons learned, it aims at raising awareness on CSR crucial role in Peru, and responsiveness on sustainable development issues, while providing a roadmap to practitioners to measure CSR compliance. Through a qualitative approach, the question this paper intends to answer is to what extent Peruvian companies comply with internal and external CSR practices along with accountability and citizenship. To answer this question, we selected a purposive sample of private sector Peruvian companies; structured interviews have been conducted to measure and then compare their compliance rate concerning the mentioned CSR dimensions. While still much needs to be improved concerning CSR practices in these Peruvian private sectors, based on our research, citizenship appears to be a critical aspect which needs further attention by companies and policymakers in Peru.
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    Eric Hanushek
    (Springer International Publishing, 2024-08-21)
    In the past 50 years, Eric Hanushek has led the development of economics of education as a field of study within economics and has contributed significantly to its becoming a major source of evidence-based advice for education policymakers. His innovative use of data and rigorous economic analysis revolutionized education policy. Early on, he realized that the policy debate was focused on resources instead of learning outcomes, the actual desired goal. He identified the lack of correlation between input-based indicators and learning outcomes, highlighting the inefficient use of resources. At the same time, he identified the strong role that individual schools, teachers, and principals had in explaining good and bad outcomes. This implied that, to improve results, the focus should move from input-based policies to incentives and accountability for outcomes. Relatedly, he identified the inappropriate use of school attendance, an indicator of quantity, as the preferred measure of human capital. He identified quality of human capital rather than quantity as the driver of economic growth.
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    Eric Hanushek
    (2023-01-01)
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    Institutional Corruption in the Political Economy of Global Mental Health: Challenges for Transformative Human Rights Praxis
    (National Institutes of Health, 2025-12-01)
    Through an exploration of the impacts of institutional corruption in global mental health, we argue here that deploying human rights-based approaches to health must go beyond rhetoric regarding equity in access to treatment to address power structures that systematically perpetuate harm against diverse people in specific contexts. First, applying human rights to mental health in transformative ways requires upending the biomedical paradigm that both locates mental health within people's brains and imbues psychiatric expertise as an unchallengeable authority in defining mental health conditions. Second, such change in approaches to mental health has proved challenging due in significant measure to institutional corruption, defined as a systemic, legal influence that diverts the institution from its purpose. We focus on institutional corruption driven by financial influences of the pharmaceutical industry in combination with the guild interests of the psychiatric profession. Third, we sketch the relation between institutional corruption and the spread of neoliberal policy imperatives on the financing and organization of mental health services in lower-middle and middle-income countries. Finally, we question the metrics deployed in global health that reaffirm existing presumptions in mental health systems, such as coverage, which can foster institutionalized corruption. We conclude that focusing on institutional corruption allows us to understand the need for new forms of health governance aligned with transformative human rights praxis.
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