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Item type:Publication, Adaptando el Lean Project Delivery System a la elaboración o actualización de un plan de estudios de ingeniería civil incorporando BIM, realidad virtual y fotogrametría(Technical University of Madrid, 2020-12-01)El Lean Project Delivery System (LPDS) es un sistema que implementa principios y herramientas Lean en todo el ciclo de vida de un proyecto de construcción. El LPDS es adaptativo pues es flexible para especificar las entradas y salidas de los procesos y tiene la libertad de elegir herramientas, técnicas y tecnologías acorde a las últimas tendencias. El propósito principal de este artículo es presentar un marco de generación de valor a través de la adaptación del LPDS al proceso de revisión de un plan de estudios. Este trabajo adapta el modelo del LPDS al proyecto de elaboración o actualización de un plan de estudios de la especialidad de ingeniería civil, incorporando BIM, realidad virtual y fotogrametría a lo largo de las asignaturas del área de gestión de la construcción. Se incluyen herramientas blandas y competencias tecnológicas que potencian la empleabilidad del egresado. Como estudio de caso se presenta la aplicación del modelo en la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.ABSTRACTLean Project Delivery System (LPDS) is a system that implements Lean principles and tools throughout the life cycle of a construction project. The LPDS is adaptive because it's flexible enough to specify the inputs and outputs of each process and allows the freedom to choose tools, techniques and technologies according to the latest trends. The main purpose of this paper is to present a value-generation framework through the adaptation of the LPDS to the Undergraduate Degree Plan process. This work adapts the LPDS model to the current project, elaboration or updating of the civil engineering curriculum, incorporating BIM, virtual reality and photogrammetry in the construction management area subjects. Soft tools and technological skills are included, and as such, enhancing the employability of the undergraduate. As a case study, the application of the model is presented at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Enseñanza de la filosofía de Lean Construction en la formación de Ingenieros Civiles: Una actualización del diseño del curso(Technical University of Madrid, 2020-12-01)Este artículo tiene como objetivo resaltar la importancia de la enseñanza de la filosofía Lean Construction para complementar la formación de alumnos de pregrado de la carrera de ingeniería Civil y dar pautas para la actualización del diseño del curso sabiendo que para que sea efectivo el aprendizaje este debe estar relacionado a la solución de problemas que suceden en el día a día en los proyectos de construcción y teniendo en cuenta que los estudiantes aún no cuentan o tienen poca experiencia profesional. Por ello, el uso de herramientas donde el alumno pueda entender la problemática y poder desarrollar el pensamiento analítico y critico es indispensable. En ese sentido, una herramienta didáctica muy útil son los estudios de caso y ejemplos reales de problemas que suceden en las obras ya que lleva al alumno a entender a través de casos los problemas que suceden durante el desarrollo y ejecución de proyectos y como se pueden plantear soluciones a través de la aplicación de conceptos Lean. Es importante mencionar que la aplicación de la filosofía Lean tanto en el Perú como en el mundo está ganando terreno rápidamente por ello el introducir al alumno al entendimiento de esta filosofía le da una base para su correcta aplicación al ejercer la profesión y poder gozar de los beneficios en los proyectos que participe. Según las encuestas, la efectividad de todas las actividades fue superior al 90%, lo que demuestra el éxito de la metodología.AbstractThis paper aims to highlight the importance of teaching Lean Construction philosophy for civil engineering undergraduate students and give guidelines for its update on course design, taking into account that for effective learning the course must include real construction projects problems solving and knowing that students have very little or no professional experience. Therefore, it is essential to use tools that help the student to understand the problem and be able to develop analytical and critical thinking. In this sense, a very useful didactic tool is the use of case studies, since it makes the student understand the problems related to construction projects and how they can propose solutions through the application of Lean concepts. It is important to mention that the application of the Lean philosophy both in Peru and in the world is rapidly gaining ground; therefore, introducing the student to this philosophy gives a basis for its correct implementation. According to the surveys, the effectiveness of all activities was higher than 90%, which demonstrates the success of the methodology. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Transparency-based protocol for decision-making regarding seismic rehabilitation projects of public buildings(Elsevier, 2021-03-01)Motivation and problem definition: A large number of public buildings designed with obsolete criteria are at high seismic risk and in need of structural rehabilitation. The task of selecting the optimal strategy poses important challenges for decision-makers due to the variety of intervention options and the fact that the construction sector is perceived to be one of the most corrupt in the economy. Given that transparency is an efficient anti-corruption strategy, a protocol is proposed for decision-making in seismic rehabilitation projects of public infrastructure that incorporates criteria which serve to increase transparency in the project development. Methods: Firstly, the literature was reviewed to describe current practices and regulations linked to decision-making in seismic rehabilitation/retrofitting of buildings. Secondly, relevant criteria that should be taken into account to favor transparency in decision-making were proposed. Thirdly, these criteria were integrated into a protocol that uses information and communication technologies (ICTs), Building Information Modeling (BIM), and collaborative methodologies that involve all stakeholders that will participate in the decision-making process. Finally, the protocol was applied to a real decision-making case study for the selection of alternatives for large-scale reinforcement of state schools in the city of Lima. Results: The criteria of auditability or ease of control of the construction process is well regarded by stakeholders as a mechanism to increase transparency. Including these transparency criteria could influence the selection of reinforcement alternatives, especially if the profile of stakeholders is environmentally-oriented. The sensitivity analysis confirmed the dependency of the selection on the decision-maker profile. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, A method to include life cycle assessment results in choosing by advantage (CBA) multicriteria decision analysis: a case study for seismic retrofit in Peruvian primary schools(MDPI AG, 2021-08-01)Building information modeling (BIM) is an emerging technology that improves visualization, understanding, and transparency in construction projects. Its use in Latin America and the Caribbean (LA&C), while still scarce, is developing in combination with multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods, such as the choosing by advantages (CBA) method. Despite the holistic nature of MCDM methods, the inclusion of life cycle environmental metrics is lagging in construction projects in LA&C. However, recent studies point toward the need to optimize the synergies between BIM and life cycle assessment (LCA), in which a method like CBA could allow improving the quality of the decisions. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to integrate LCA and CBA methods to identify the effect that the inclusion of environmental impacts can have on decision-making in public procurement, as well as comparing how this final decision differs from an exclusively LCA-oriented interpretation of the results. Once the LCA was performed, a set of additional criteria for the CBA method were fixed, including transparency, technical, and social indicators. Thereafter, a stakeholder participative workshop was held in order to gather experts to elucidate on the final decision. The methodology was applied to a relevant construction sector problem modelled with BIM in the city of Lima (Peru), which consisted of three different construction techniques needed to retrofit educational institutions. Results from the LCA-oriented assessment, which was supported by Monte Carlo simulation, revealed a situation in which the masonry-based technique showed significantly lower environmental impacts than the remaining two options. However, when a wider range of technical, social, and transparency criteria are added to the environmental indicators, this low-carbon technique only prevailed in those workshop tables in which environmental experts were present and under specific computational assumptions, whereas teams with a higher proportion of government members were inclined to foster alternatives that imply less bureaucratic barriers. Finally, the results constitute an important milestone when it comes to including environmental factors in public procurement in LA&C. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, A case study on the implementation of location tracking technologies for productivity monitoring: Understanding workers’ acceptance and socio-technical implications(Frontiers Media, 2024-01-09)Automated real-time data collection is becoming more prevalent in construction, with workers’ location data being a pivotal component in detecting poor logistics and inefficient construction flows. However, the collection of location data for productivity monitoring raises significant concerns about privacy and wellbeing implications for workers. Implementing such technological solutions requires an understanding of how humans may respond to sensor-based automated data collection, making this a socio-technical issue. This study identifies the drivers of construction workers’ acceptance of radio-based location tracking technology for productivity measurement using a modified Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and offers a sociotechnical understanding of technology acceptance with implications for managing how new technologies are introduced on construction projects. Using a large residential project in Lima, Peru as a case study, construction workers were monitored using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology, and data were gathered using mixed methods. A k-means clustering analysis showed two forms of acceptance among workers: supporters (37%) and acceptance with reservations (63%). Partial least squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) results showed that perceived usefulness and perceived stress underpinned workers’ attitudes and intention to accept the technology. Perceived privacy risk, however, emerged as the sole most significant predictor at the end of the monitoring process. Findings further suggest that workers’ acceptance of the technology is influenced by the perception that it is also beneficial for safety management. Building on the preceding, the paper highlights the need for employee orientation focused on addressing perceived privacy concerns by leveraging positive perceptions about using monitoring technologies for improving onsite safety, logistics and productivity. This requires management of construction firms to develop narratives that reflect their goals for rolling out technologies in ways that ensure workers’ buy-in, and a re-focus on problem framing and collective approaches to identifying functional and less intrusive forms of monitoring technologies. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Collaborative planning of subcontractors using the Last Planner System: A case study on a gas subcontractor in repetitive housing projects(Technical University of Madrid, 2024-03-31)The efficient management of subcontractors turns into a challenge in contracts with fixed prices and short terms. Non-conformances due to poor deliverables are common, generating delays and cost overruns for all parties involved, especially for the main contractor. In addition, in recent years some collaborative systems have appeared, such as the Last Planner System (LPS), which has proven to be very efficient in the generation of value and the optimization of resources. However, there is still little information about successful results in the management of subcontractors. The main objective of this study is to propose a method that adapts the LPS for the management of the subcontract of natural gas facilities in highly repetitive housing projects, as well as to apply it successfully. The methodology was applied to a massive multi-family low-cost housing project in the city of Lima, Peru, which was modeled by using BIM technology. The most frequent root causes of non-conformances were determined for the first buildings, and this information was used for the collaborative planning of the following buildings. This allowed to determine the optimal sectioning, Takt Time Planning, subcontractor restrictions, weekly and daily planning, and finally, the lessons learned from the implementation of the LPS for future projects, which can be adapted to other types of subcontracts - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Management model using standardized contracts and BIM tools for the optimization of PPP projects in Peru(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024-10-01)Public–private partnerships (PPPs) are contractual schemes that have relative success in Latin America due to their configuration, where the spirit of the contract lies in an appropriate distribution of risks. This is both the most important and fundamental aspect of this contractual scheme but also the most complex, as it is the main cause of contract modifications (addenda) in countries across the region. In this context, different concessionary contractual frameworks for PPPs on the national road network of Peru were evaluated, revealing common failure indicators that lead to contract modifications within the first six years of the concession. This study offers the development of a management model that includes the good practices of contractual management of NEC4 Option F and the application of BIM information management processes, optimizing the management of infrastructure through emerging technologies of information management supported by agile contractual schemes. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Teaching and Learning Design Management Tools During the Sanitary Emergency(Technical University of Madrid, 2023-04-30)Durante el año 2020, la normativa de la emergencia sanitaria obligó a las universidades a impartir la docencia bajo la modalidad de enseñanza a distancia, lo que representó un desafío en el diseño de cursos que requieren una alta efectividad. El propósito de este trabajo es presentar las estrategias que se aplicaron con éxito durante la enseñanza y aprendizaje de las herramientas de gestión del diseño de un proyecto de edificación, implementadas en un curso de la maestría en Ingeniería Civil de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. La metodología consideró el efecto de la Pandemia del Covid-19 y tuvo como objetivo desarrollar habilidades blandas y empleabilidad, para lo cual se propuso un uso equilibrado de plataformas colaborativas virtuales, así como software para videoconferencia y laboratorios. Por otro lado, durante esta asignatura, los estudiantes desarrollaron una propuesta de planificación y gestión integrada de la fase de diseño utilizando herramientas de guías y directrices de sistemas de gestión de proyectos. Bajo este marco, se analizó la participación de los interesados, la toma de decisiones multicriterio, el desarrollo de los entregables del diseño del proyecto y la secuencia del proyecto. El éxito de esta metodología se refleja en la alta calidad de los trabajos y exposiciones finales, el resultado de las encuestas realizadas -eficacia del 99%-, y en las oportunidades de mejora detectadas. Se diseñó e implementó una asignatura no presencial flexible y exitosa, que podría adaptarse a la modalidad Blended Learning.AbstractDuring the year 2020, the sanitary emergency norm forced universities to teach under the remote learning method, representing a challenge of designing courses that require high effectiveness. The purpose of this work is to present the strategies that were successfully applied during the teaching and learning of design management tools for a building project, implemented in a course of the Civil Engineering master of the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. The methodology considered the effect of the Covid-19 Pandemic and had as objective to develop soft skills and employability, for which a balanced use of virtual collaborative platforms as well as software was proposed for videoconference and laboratories. On the other hand, during this subject, students developed a proposal for integrated planning and management of the design phase using tools of norms and guidelines of construction management systems. Under this framework, the participation of stakeholders, multicriteria decision making, development of project design deliverables and project sequence was analyzed. The success of this methodology is reflected in the high quality of final papers and expositions, the result of surveys taken - effectiveness of 99%-, and in the improvement opportunities detected. A flexible and successful non-face to face subject was designed and implemented, which could be adapted to the Blended Learning modality. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Strategies and Virtual Tools for Teaching Building Construction to Civil Engineering Undergraduates: A Case Study(Technical University of Madrid, 2023-12-31)El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar las técnicas efectivas empleadas para enseñar construcción de edificaciones en el tercer año de un programa de la carrera de ingeniería civil de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Este enfoque implicó integrar plataformas virtuales y software para realizar videoconferencias y laboratorios en las que se utilizan herramientas como Building Information Modeling (BIM) y Lean Construction, entre otras. Esta metodología balanceada sirve como un modelo exitoso para impartir conocimientos sobre la construcción de edificaciones. Las visitas a obra se simularon mediante recorridos virtuales creados con la tecnología scanner laser, fotogrametría y BIM. Los gemelos digitales generados se colocaron en plataformas en línea y los estudiantes recorrieron interactivamente el proyecto de construcción. Adicionalmente, los estudiantes desarrollaron planos de layout utilizando modelos BIM 3D y 4D. Durante la asignatura también se instruyó a los alumnos en el análisis de precios unitarios y en las mediciones de las actividades de obra a través de la metodología BIM con software 5D, teniendo como resultado el desarrollo de los presupuestos. La efectividad de esta metodología se evidencia en la alta calidad de los trabajos académicos, evaluaciones y encuestas realizadas a los estudiantes. Esta propuesta también ganó el Premio a la Innovación y Mejores Prácticas en Docencia convocado por la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, concurso en donde un jurado internacional de expertos especializados en innovación docente evaluó el desarrollo de competencias genéricas y habilidades colaborativas generadas, destacando la claridad, alineación curricular y el carácter sostenible y transferible de la innovación implementada.AbstractThe objective of this report is to showcase the effective techniques employed to teach building construction in a third-year civil engineering program at Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. This approach involves integrating virtual platforms and software for video conferences and laboratories, while utilizing tools like Building Information Modeling and Lean construction, among other systems. This balanced methodology serves as a successful model for imparting knowledge on building construction. Construction site visits were simulated by virtual tours created using scanner laser technology, photogrammetry, and BIM. The generated digital twins were placed on online platforms. Students interactively toured the construction project with input from professionals managing the project. Additionally, students developed layout plans using 3D and 4D BIM models. The course, however, instructed on generating and analyzing unit prices and conducting quantity surveys of activities through the BIM methodology with 5D software, resulting in the development of project budgets. Theeffectiveness of this methodology is evident in the high-quality papers, evaluations, and student surveys. This proposal also won the Award for Innovation and Best Practices in Teaching 2022 organized by the PontificiaUniversidad Catolica del Peru, where an international jury of experts in teaching innovation evaluated the development of generic competencies and collaborative skills generated in students, highlighting the clarity, curricular alignment and the sustainable and transferable nature of the innovation implemented. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Framework for Integrating Productive, Contributory, and Noncontributory Work with Safe and Unsafe Acts and Conditions(MDPI, 2023-02-01)It is common for companies that are in the process of implementing the Last Planner System (LPS) journey to attempt an increase in productive work and a reduction in waste, such as contributory and noncontributory work. Even though the LPS has proven to have a synergy with the health and safety requirements, companies with deficient health and safety management systems tend to classify work involving substandard acts or conditions as standard, and then pretend to benchmark against other companies that are indeed performing safe work. The following work introduces a framework to simultaneously register and analyze productive, contributory, and noncontributory work, with the substandard acts and conditions in a construction site, allowing for the measurement of production and health & safety indicators simultaneously. In the absence of technology that automatically captures these indicators, it is proposed that simultaneous measurements be made through direct inspections and photo and video recording by means of a handheld camera. The proposed continuous improvement framework follows the steps indicated below: (1) defining the productive, contributory, and noncontributory work with surveys performed on the most representative stakeholders of the industry; (2) proposing a new classification of production and safety work; (3) assessing the level of application of the LPS in the company; (4) measuring the indicators; (5) improving the use of the LPS and performing new measurements; (6) statistically linking deadly, serious, and minor accidents, standard and substandard acts, standard and substandard conditions, and productive, contributory, and noncontributory work. This framework was applied to a case study of a building project in Lima and the results were improved simultaneous indicators, especially the health and safety indicators. Automated classification of productive and nonproductive work using technology still represents a challenge.