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Item type:Publication, Changes in spatial inequality and residential segregation in metropolitan Lima(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021-01-01)Since the 2000s, Lima city shows important changes in its socio-spatial structure, decreasing the long-established opposition between the centre and the periphery, developing a more complex arrangement. Sustained national economic growth has allowed better socio-economic conditions in different areas of the city. However, high inequality still remains in the ways of production of urban space, which affects residential segregation. To identify possible changes in the segregation patterns of Metropolitan Lima, this study focuses on the spatial patterns of occupational groups, examining their causes and relation with income inequality. The analysis is based on the 1993 and 2007 census data, measuring residential segregation by the Dissimilarity Index, comparing with the Diversity Index. The results confirm trends towards increased segregation between occupational groups. Top occupational groups are concentrated in central areas, expanding into adjacent districts. Bottom occupational groups are over-represented in distant neighbourhoods. In-between, a new, more mixed, transitional zone has emerged in upgraded formerly low-income neighbourhoods. Areas of lower occupational diversity coincide with extreme income values, forming spaces of greater segregation. In the metropolitan centre–periphery pattern, the centre has expanded, while the periphery has been shifted to outer peripheral rings. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Urban wetland losses and land-use conservation challenges in three Latin American cities(Springer, 2024-01-01)Wetlands are valuable and threatened ecosystems throughout the world. They are essential for the maintenance of life and ecological balance, in addition to providing a larger number of benefits to human societies. Wetlands reduce the risk of flooding by regulating the flow of water, being essential to reduce the impacts of climate change, especially along the coasts and coastal cities of the world. Urban growth poses a risk to wetlands in and around urban areas. In this work, we quantify the loss trends of wetlands in urban areas in three Latin American countries between the years 2002 and 2019. We selected as case studies the wetlands of Aconcagua in Chile, Ciénaga de Mallorquín in Colombia, and Pantanos de Villa in Peru. Through multitemporal analysis of Quickbird satellite imagery collections, we classify land covers at 2.5-m resolution and identify areas covered by wetland. We quantify the losses and gains of the wetland areas and the areas surrounding them. We found that the three wetlands analyzed lost area, confirming the worldwide trend of loss. The Ciénaga de Mallorquín wetland was the one that decreased the most due to coastal dynamics and urbanization. The Pantanos de Villa wetland reduced its area due to the increase in urban areas that grew filling the wetland under the pressure of informal settlements and beach condominiums. Lastly, the Aconcagua wetland was reduced due to the increase in grasslands together with the increase in bare soil, also affecting the beaches and dunes. In all three case studies, urban wetlands decreased due to urban growth. For this reason, we call attention to the urgency of improving urban planning to ensure the maintenance of these key ecosystems to ensure more sustainable and resilient cities, as proposed by Sustainable Development Goal 11. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Regulation and protection of urban wetlands: A comparative analysis in Chile, Colombia, and Peru(Springer, 2024-01-01)Latin American countries have a set of legal instruments and public policies that contribute to the protection of urban wetlands against the pressure of city expansion that threatens their extent and quality. With the aim of discussing the role of public policies and regulations in the protection of urban wetlands, the situation in Chile, Colombia, and Peru is analyzed in a comparative manner. These countries are examples of diverse regulations and wetland biodiversity in urban environments. Legal instruments for environmental protection and conservation, spatial planning, and urban planning relevant to the management of urban wetlands are analyzed. In addition, advances in regulation and protection of urban wetlands are evaluated and contrasted based on national-level indicators. The lack of effective protection measures is demonstrated. The three countries have adhered to the Ramsar Convention to protect their wetlands and have established Ramsar sites; however, their existence does not stop the pressures and threats to the wetlands. It is identified that Peru has a larger surface area of Ramsar sites and that Colombia has the most extensive Ramsar urban wetland. It is highlighted that Chile has a recent urban wetlands law, while in Colombia and Peru the category of urban wetland does not exist in legislation. Meanwhile, in the protected natural areas, urban wetlands practically have no presence. Among the main weaknesses are the disarticulation between sectors and planning scales; in addition to outdated planning instruments regarding current challenges such as climate change, the water crisis, and the loss of biodiversity. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The role of citizenship in the protection of wetlands: Comparative analysis of three urban wetlands in Chile, Colombia, and Peru(Springer, 2024-01-01)Latin America leads the loss of wetlands worldwide and urbanization is one of the main causes of this change. The cases of the Aconcagua wetlands in Chile, La Ciénaga de Mallorquín in Colombia, and Pantanos de Villa in Peru are examples of the loss of Latin American urban wetlands in the last 20 years. In response to this situation, various initiatives have emerged to protect these three wetlands, which have involved the adoption of forms of territorial governance associating the public sector, the private sector, and civil society. The aim of the chapter is to analyze the role of citizenship in the protection of these three wetlands, with the aim of contributing to the construction of more resilient cities. Using semi-structured interviews conducted with local actors, the results show that, despite the differences between the governance mechanisms in the three cases, coordination between stakeholders and citizen participation are perceived as deficient. The interviewees propose to establish working tables with representatives from all sectors and productive dialogue instances and highlight the lack of participation of the neighboring communities of these wetlands. These communities are subaltern groups, as they are also the most socioeconomically vulnerable, and occupy, for the most part, the territory informally. Their participation, as well as motivating their interest in participating, is key to ensuring the protection of these spaces. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Urban wetlands in Latin America as support to 17 SDG: A guideline to sustainable cities to SDG 11(Springer, 2024-01-01)Wetlands support all 17 Sustainable Development Goals, but they are particularly relevant to SDG 11 on “Sustainable Cities and Communities” because their preservation reinforces the ecosystem services that are essential for cities, such as flood protection, recreation, and freshwater provision, among other benefits. This chapter proposes the integration of wetlands into SDG 11 through the development of a participatory action guide with key stakeholders. The objectives of this guide are (i) to define sustainability criteria for wetlands, and (ii) to review all the targets of SDG 11 by 2030, to propose guidelines, and to introduce new indicators that consider urban wetlands to achieve sustainable cities in Latin America. Results show that the urban wetlands could contribute to goals 11.1 and 11.2 by playing a crucial role in neighborhood improvements, especially in providing green areas, the results indicated that the most relevant goals for the inclusion of wetlands are 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, and 11.7 targets of SGD 11. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, La percepción de la urbanización de tierras agrícolas en el valle andino de Cajamarca, Perú(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2025-09-30)The expansion of the city of Cajamarca on farmland in the valley, which constitute a vital and scarce resource, is analyzed. The perception of these changes, their consequences, and potential alternative solutions are studied. The study aims to understand the causes and behaviors of actors involved in the loss of peri-urban agricultural land, with the goal of contributing to the discussion on sustainable land management possibilities for the peri-urban territory through a survey and interviews. The transformation of peri-urban agricultural lands in the study area has been accelerated by external factors and weak regulations that favor the informal subdivision of rural properties for sale as urban lots. These lots have characteristics that will result in future urban areas lacking sufficient public spaces and services. The majority of household heads have a high regard for peri-urban agricultural lands and recognize the socio-environmental impacts of their urbanization. However, beliefs and opinions play a minor role in decision-making about property and housing, where comfort and the land market take precedence. Similarly, unsuccessful initiatives aimed at protecting the valley were identified, but permissive regulations and a lack of political will limited the persistence of their proponents. The results underscore the need for improvements in land-use planning and management with a sustainability-oriented approach.2