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Item type:Publication, Non-destructive (NDT) and minor-destructive (MDT) testing tools to support the structural characterization of adobe constructions(Springer Nature, 2021-01-01)Adobe constructions are widely used worldwide as low-cost vernacular buildings and also as monuments and historical constructions. Beside low cost these materials have excellent thermal and acoustic properties. Some challenges of this material involves durability and high vulnerability to seismic motions due to its relatively high weight and brittleness. To improve safety levels of existing adobe structures it is often necessary to strengthen or retrofit them based on a structural characterization. The structural characterization requires assessment of the in situ condition, geometry, engineering properties of existing adobe construction and buildings using minimal to no intrusion. In this chapter we present a general overview of commonly used NDT and MDT methods for the assessment of existing adobe construction to obtain information such as: detailed geometry information, damage mapping, and multi-scale mechanical and physical characterization. Additional to literature review summarizing different applications of NDT and MDT, this chapter presents four case studies related to projects in Peru recently performed by the research group led by the first author. The descriptions and results of NDT and MDT tests carried out at these case studies highlight how the use of several NDT and MDT methodologies complement each other and allow a suitable multi-scale characterization of existing adobe structural systems, that can successfully be used for the diagnosis, and design of intervention and retrofit measures as needed. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Experimental and numerical evaluation of a stackable compressed earth block masonry system: Characterization at cyclic shear loads(Elsevier Ltd, 2022-11-15)Soil is a traditional construction material that is currently experiencing a new boom as an eco-sustainable alternative for housing. In this article, a structural system made up of compressed earth blocks is analyzed as a construction alternative for seismic countries. This study evaluated the physical properties of base soil as well as an optimization process for the chemical stabilization of the mixture using cement and lime. The mechanical characterization of the blocks and of a masonry system designed to be stackable and dry joint was also performed, including the evaluation of its seismic response to cyclic shear wall tests. Results indicate that it is possible to improve the workability of the stabilized soil mixtures and the mechanical behavior of blocks in compression and tension, by using cement-lime additives in a ratio of 1:3 with respect to the dry weight of the materials. In addition, it was found that it is feasible to produce a stackable masonry system that has the capacity to dissipate energy due to friction between blocks. The parametric analysis and the calibration process of numerical models performed for the cyclic shear tests highlight the importance of using a micro-modeling approach to obtain representative models that correctly predict the experimental capacity curve in both maximum load and ductility. The use of those models in the present study allowed to adequately replicate the concentration of damage in the joints between blocks, corroborating what was observed through experimental testing. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Non-Destructive Testing and Historic Building Information Modelling for the Structural Diagnosis of the Church of the Society of Jesus in Cusco, Peru(Inderscience Publishers, 2023-12-03)This paper aims at presenting the results of a set of non-destructive tests (NDT) applied to an emblematic stone masonry church and the generation of a 3D parametric model to store and visualise structural diagnosis information following the historic building information modelling (HBIM) framework. Reverse engineering techniques were applied to obtain a precise point cloud of the church. NDT results exposed that the church currently presents several structural anomalies such as cracks, efflorescence, and moisture, among others. In addition, the mechanical characterisation showed that the masonry walls and pillars have an elasticity modulus within the expected range. Furthermore, with the application of operational modal analysis (OMA), it was possible to identify three modes of vibration of the structure. The representation of all the non-geometric information inside the HBIM model plus the generation of a custom plugin allowed the visualisation and adequately managing of the structural diagnosis information of the project.