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Item type:Publication, To be or not to be? Material incentives and indigenous identification in Latin America(Routledge, 2020-11-30)Latin American governments have recently implemented race conscious policies to provide resources to stigmatized groups like indigenous people. Nevertheless, critics have questioned the legitimacy of these policies and argued that they could artificially induce indigenous identification. Such claim, however, has never been tested. We use a causal inference approach based on nationally-representative survey experiments applied door-to-door in Mexico and Peru to examine whether material incentives can indeed encourage indigenous identification. Our results are counterintuitive. Reminding respondents of potential material benefits of indigenous identification does not increase such identification. It reduces it. We theorize this negative effect may be driven by the fact that receiving social benefits is stigmatized. Our findings call into question critics’ concerns that ethnic-based redistributive policies necessarily incentivize ethnic identification. These results not only provide compelling evidence of the social construction of ethnic identities, but they also seemingly challenge purely instrumentalist models of ethnic identification. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Political polarization, voting and democratic representativeness: too much or too little?(Elsevier, 2021-06-01)This contribution evaluates the mediating role of different political contexts and levels of democratic consolidation on the effect of party system polarization on ideological vote and discusses how this relationship enhances democratic representativeness. The influence of party system polarization on ideological voting is analyzed in two areas: the voters' competence in identifying parties' ideological positions; and the voters’ tendency to vote for the most ideologically proximate party, which is one of the key features of the spatial theories of voting. Using data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) from 1996 to 2019 and multilevel modelling techniques, the paper compares how those features vary across different types of countries, particularly older and newer democracies, and different regions of the world. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Rainbows in Latin America: public opinion and societal attitudes towards homosexuality(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2021-01-01)This contribution analyzes changes in public opinion attitudes towards homosexuality and LGBTI rights in Latin America over the last three decades. Using data from the World Values Survey and the Latin American Public Opinion Project, we show the evolution of those attitudes between the 1990s and 2017, their relationship with economic development and democratization in the region and the individual factors that helps us to explain the prevalence and changes of negative and positive attitudes toward LGBTI people. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Co-producing ethnoracial categories: census-takers in the 2017 Peruvian National Census(Routledge, 2021-05-24)The growing literature that analyzes the production of ethnoracial categories has focused primarily on the role of nation-states, social movements, and transnational trends. The internal institutional debates that influence these processes have received limited attention, and the role of census-takers in particular remains largely unexplored. Drawing from in-depth interviews with 54 census-takers in the 2017 Peruvian National Census, this paper argues that census-takers are influential actors in the production of ethnoracial categories and can be considered street-level bureaucrats. In our study, census-takers’ interpretations of the ethnoracial question and categories emphasized dimensions of race and ethnicity that increased the likelihood of residents to identify as mestizos. These findings suggest that, despite their temporary role, census-takers are important actors in the production of ethnoracial categories in societies where these are contested. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Leyendo al Perú desde el Informe Final de la CVR: enfoques y debates(Instituto de Democracia y Derechos Humanos de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (IDEHPUCP), 2023-11)En este capítulo se presenta una lectura crítica desde el presente sobre ciertos aspectos del Informe Final de la Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación (CVR) en el Perú veinte años después de su presentación. Se evalúa el diagnóstico que hace la CVR acerca de los factores que contribuyeron al conflicto armado interno a principios de la década de 1980 y cómo este se sitúa en relación con debates y enfoques de las ciencias sociales tanto de la época como contemporáneos. Asimismo, se discute acerca de la propuesta de reconciliación y del programa de reparaciones propuesto por la CVR, su relación con aproximaciones y visiones sobre el cambio social o las reformas institucionales, y su viabilidad en la sociedad peruana posconflicto. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Too Traditional? Voting and Gender Gap in Peru, 2000–2021(Springer International Publishing, 2026-01-01)Between 2000 and 2021, Peru held seven presidential elections, and female candidates garnered significant support in six of them. Despite progress in gender equity values, a persistent traditional gender gap remains in political behavior. Female voters in Peru continue to lean toward conservative candidates and parties more often than men do. Using data from the World Values Survey (1996–2018) and the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (2000–2021), this chapter explores the gender gap in electoral behavior, political participation, and attitudes toward gender equity. Whereas women in Peru exhibit more-progressive values, particularly among younger cohorts, these values do not consistently translate into progressive voting behavior. Instead, women tend to support conservative female candidates, particularly those opposed to gender equity and reproductive rights. This paradox may be explained by the instability and fragmentation of Peru’s party system, which hinders the consolidation of coherent political platforms, including progressive political agendas.1