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Item type:Publication, Good Health Indicators are Not Enough: Lessons from COVID-19 in Peru.(National Institutes of Health, 2020-12-01)Peru received international acclaim for being one of the first countries to implement a comprehensive package of measures to control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The government imposed a general lockdown, combined with social protection measures--mainly cash transfers and the distribution of food parcels. This was an attempt to mitigate the impact of the lockdown, in a country where 70% of the population works in the informal sector. Yet despite this, the transmission rate remained high, and as of early June Peru's COVID-19 mortality rates were amongst the highest worldwide. The pandemic has shed a stark light on Peru's failure to guarantee the right to health and the limits of the tools used to assess the health system's performance. Over the past two decades Peru has been praised for introducing a series of reforms aimed at achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC), primarily through the expansion of health insurance across low-income groups. Nevertheless, reforms have failed to overcome the historical fragmentation of the system, where access to services is determined by income, gender, and geographical location. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, ¿Y la salud intercultural?: Lecciones desde la pandemia que no debemos olvidar(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2020-10-14)Los que trabajamos en salud indígena sabemos que es muy común que los pobladores indígenas o campesinos sean representados como culpables de sus problemas de salud, desconociendo que los pobres indicadores de salud en los lugares con mayor porcentaje de población indígena son, en gran medida, consecuencia de un Estado negligente incapaz de garantizar acceso y disponibilidad de servicios de salud de calidad a las comunidades indígenas del país. En el marco de la pandemia del COVID-19 que viene afectando intensamente a la población indígena amazónica del Perú, los pueblos indígenas están mostrando que sus prácticas culturales, ignoradas y discriminadas por el sector salud pueden contribuir en el cuidado de aquellos afectados por el COVID-19. A partir del análisis de la iniciativa del Comando Matico en la Amazonía peruana mostramos la capacidad de los pueblos indígenas para implementar iniciativas interculturales autónomas al Estado central. Este artículo muestra que en el Perú no nos faltan normativas detallando el enfoque intercultural en la atención de salud. Lo que hace falta es reconocer la importancia de pensar que los conocimientos ancestrales de los pueblos indígenas pueden ser claves para atender sus necesidades y las de otros sectores de la población. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, What does COVID-19 tell us about the Peruvian health system?(Taylor & Francis, 2020-12-07)Peru seemed well placed to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic as a country that had achieved sustained economic growth and moved towards achieving universal health coverage. However, Peru has one of the highest rates of transmission and mortality worldwide. This article analyses what the pandemic has unveiled with regards to the health system, arguing that a focus on meeting global development targets, including by promoting public-private partnerships in health, has distracted attention from the underlying structural causes of inequalities and enabled the continuation of a highly fragmented system, with access determined by income, gender, ethnicity and geography. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Comparing experiences of constitutional reforms to enshrine the right to water in Brazil, Colombia, and Peru: opportunities and limitations(MDPI, 2021-12-01)In this paper we compare recent efforts towards the constitutionalization of the right to water in Brazil, Colombia, and Peru to understand the opportunities and limitations related to the attempts to enhance access to piped water to the highest normative level. Peru passed a constitutional amendment in 2017 while Brazil and Colombia have seen much right-to-water activism but have not succeeded in passing such reforms. We explore the role of the existing domestic legal frameworks on drinkable water provision and water management towards the approval of constitutional amendments. We find that all three countries have specialized laws, water governing institutions, and constitutional jurisprudence connecting access to water with rights, but the legal opportunity structures to enforce socio-economic rights vary; they are stronger in Colombia and Brazil, and weaker in Peru. We argue that legal opportunity structures build legal environments that influence constitutional reform success. Legal opportunity structures act as incentives both for social movements to push for reforms and for actors with legislative power to accept or reject them. Our findings also show that in some contexts political cost is a key element of constitutional reforms that enshrine the right to water; therefore, this is an element that should be considered when analyzing these processes. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Batalha pelo direito ao aborto na América Latina: conceitos-chave sobre um cenário em mudança(Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Escola de Direito, 2021-01-01)DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Peru – progress in health and sciences in 200 years of independence(Elsevier, 2021-12-20)Peru celebrates 200 years of independence in 2021. Over this period of independent life, and despite the turbulent socio-political scenarios, from internal armed conflict to economic crisis to political instability over the last 40 years, Peru has experienced major changes on its epidemiological and population health profile. Major advancements in maternal and child health as well as in communicable diseases have been achieved in recent decades, and today Peru faces an increasing burden of non-communicable diseases including mental health conditions. In terms of the configuration of the public health system, Peru has also strived to secure country-wide optimal health care, struggling in particular to improve primary health care and intercultural services. The science and technology infrastructure has also evolved, although the need for substantial investments remains if advancing science is to be a national priority. Climate change will also bring significant challenges to population health given Peru's geographical and microclimates diversity. Looking back over the 200-years of independence, we present a summary of key advances in selected health-related fields, thus serving as the basis for reflections on pending agendas and future challenges, in order to look forward to ensuring the future health and wellbeing of the Peruvian population. Resumen translated El Perú cumple 200 años de independencia en 2021. Durante estos dos siglos de vida independiente, junto con periodos sociales y políticos turbulentos, incluyendo un conflicto armado interno, hiperinflación y la inestabilidad política de los últimos 40 años, el Perú ha experimentado importantes cambios en su perfil epidemiológico con repercusiones directas en la salud de la población. En las últimas décadas, los indicadores de salud materno-infantil y de las enfermedades transmisibles muestran mejoría importante, pero el país se enfrenta de manera simultánea a una carga cada vez mayor de enfermedades no transmisibles y de salud mental. En cuanto a los sistemas de salud pública, se han realizado esfuerzos por aumentar la cobertura y calidad de la atención de salud en todo el país, apostándose en particular por mejorar la atención primaria. La ciencia y tecnología relacionadas con la salud también han mejorado, aunque si se quiere que la ciencia sea una prioridad nacional, son necesarias inversiones sustanciales. El cambio climático traerá importantes desafíos para la salud de la población, dada la diversidad geográfica y de microclimas del país. Para conmemorar los 200 años de vida independiente del Perú, presentamos un resumen de avances clave en diversas áreas y temas relacionados con la salud. Este repaso sirve como base para reflexionar sobre agendas y desafíos pendientes y futuros, con el fin de asegurar la salud y el bienestar de la población peruana en las próximas décadas. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Missed opportunities for vaccination in Peru 2010–2020: a study of socioeconomic inequalities(Elsevier Ltd, 2022-10-01)Background: Missed Opportunities for Vaccination (MOV) represent a major risk in the re-emergence of immunopreventable diseases. However, in the region, there are few published studies on MOVs using national databases such as demographic and health surveys (DHS). This study aims to describe the frequency and trends of MOVs for the first dose of vaccines against the leading causes of infant morbidity and mortality, their complete vaccination coverage, and trends in socioeconomic inequalities at the national and departmental levels for an 11-years period. Methods: Using DHS data from an 11-year period (2010–2020), we calculated frequencies and trends in MOVs of vaccines for the leading causes of child morbidity and mortality, estimated inequalities in MOVs using the Slope Inequality Index (SII) and conducted a spatial autocorrelation test to identify clusters of higher or lower inequality in MOVs at the national level. Findings: We found that, at the national level, greater inequality was concentrated in the wealthiest categories of each socioeconomic variable. We identified that departments with higher poverty rates concentrated higher levels of inequality in the MOVs in the lowest strata of the socioeconomic variables. In addition, we found that some departments with similar geographic and socioeconomic characteristics had spatially correlated levels of inequality on MOVs. Interpretation: These findings can help to identify the heterogeneity that exists in the distribution of MOVs among departments and socioeconomic strata, which would help to prioritize specific areas and subpopulations for national immunization strategies. Funding: No additional funding source was required for this study. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Anti-abortion mobilization in Latin America: Signs of a field in transformation(Fundacao Getulio Vargas, Escola de Direito de Sao Paulo, 2022-01-01)Gender and sexuality have become a focal point of the political divide in Latin America. In many countries, religious actors, political leaders, pro-life and pro-family nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), among others, have come together to promote a neoconservative shift in contemporary regional politics. Despite the constant public presence of religious actors and their long-standing influence on public policies in the region, recent challenges to sexual and reproductive rights have come from a field in transformation. The anti-abortion mobilization shows important signs of adaptation and mutation on different fronts – networks, alliances, strategies, and frameworks. Finally, this process of renovation has led to the expansion of this dispute towards a broader anti-gender alliance, and the increasing importance of legal strategies and tools by anti-abortion actors is remarkable. The transformations in the anti-abortion field were globally put into action after the conservatives’ defeat in the UN Conference in Cairo, and they also interacted with different local processes, in response to the relational dynamics between movement and countermovement. However, we can see important convergences among Latin-American cases. Drawing on evidence from case studies of countries in the region, this article analyses the main characteristics of contemporary anti-abortion activism in Latin America. It identifies significant commonalities among the cases and raises the hypotheses that shifts in the composition of the anti-abortion networks, in mobilization strategies and frames are inserted in a trend that has been transnationally diffused and subject to different processes of vernacularization. This article ultimately calls attention to the need for more empirical research to address the regional dynamics of transnational actors, diffusion processes, and local adaptations. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Mental health policies for adolescents and young adults in Peru: A policy analysis(RELX Group (Netherlands), 2024-01-01) - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Ensuring sexual and reproductive healthcare services amidst a pandemic: Experiences from health workers in Lima, Peru(Public Library of Science, 2024-06-28)Nowadays there is an emerging interest on health system resilience capacity during emergencies as the one created by the COVID-19 Pandemic. This article contributes to this emerging field of studies by analysing the impact of the state´s policy responses COVID-19 (as lockdowns) on the Peruvian health system, specifically on the delivery of non-covid services, sexual and reproductive health services, and describe the strategies deployed by health workers to adapt to the COVID-19 crisis in Peru, a country that have been dramatically impacted by the pandemic. The article, based on the analysis of depth interviews with 11 health workers and one health supervisor working at sexual and reproductive health services at public health services Lima during 2020 and 2021, describe how pre-existing conditions of the health system (as poor infrastructure and deficit of human resources) magnified the negative effects of the measures taken to control de pandemic, undermining the “resilience” of the health system.