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Item type:Publication, Dual optical elastography detects TGF-β-induced alterations in the biomechanical properties of skin scaffolds(SPIE, 2024-09-01)Significance: The skin's mechanical properties are tightly regulated. Various pathologies can affect skin stiffness, and understanding these changes is a focus in tissue engineering. Ex vivo skin scaffolds are a robust platform for evaluating the effects of various genetic and molecular interactions on the skin. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a critical signaling molecule in the skin that can regulate the amount of collagen and elastin in the skin and, consequently, its mechanical properties. Aim: This study investigates the biomechanical properties of bio-engineered skin scaffolds, focusing on the influence of TGF-β, a signaling molecule with diverse cellular functions. Approach: The TGF-β receptor I inhibitor, galunisertib, was employed to assess the mechanical changes resulting from dysregulation of TGF-β. Skin scaffold samples, grouped into three categories (control, TGF-β-treated, and TGF-β + galunisertibtreated), were prepared in two distinct culture media.one with aprotinin (AP) and another without. Two optical elastography techniques, namely wave-based optical coherence elastography (OCE) and Brillouin microscopy, were utilized to quantify the biomechanical properties of the tissues. Results: Results showed significantly higher wave speed (with AP, p < 0.001; without AP, p < 0.001) and Brillouin frequency shift (with AP, p < 0.001; without AP, p . 0.01) in TGF-β-treated group compared with the control group. The difference in wave speed between the control and TGF-β + galunisertib with (p = 0.10) and without AP (p = 0.36) was not significant. Moreover, the TGF-β + galunisertibtreated group exhibited lower wave speed without and with AP and reduced Brillouin frequency shift than the TGF-β-treated group without AP, further strengthening the potential role of TGF-β in regulating the mechanical properties of the samples. Conclusions: These findings offer valuable insights into TGF-β-induced biomechanical alterations in bio-engineered skin scaffolds, highlighting the potential of OCE and Brillouin microscopy in the development of targeted therapies in conditions involving abnormal tissue remodeling and fibrosis. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Whole embryo biomechanics with reverberant optical coherence elastography(Optica Publishing Group (formerly OSA), 2024-05-20)Many morphogenesis processes during embryo development are fundamentally biomechanical processes, and disruption of these events can lead to debilitating congenital abnormalities. Imaging the biomechanical properties of embryos could provide insight into developmental disorders and could open new therapy avenues. However, current methods are invasive and are incapable of producing viscoelasticity maps of live samples in 3D. To overcome these limitations, we propose the use of reverberant shear wave fields in combination with optical coherence tomography (OCT) for high-resolution elastography at different developmental stages of murine embryos. A 1 kHz quasi-harmonic stimulation was applied to induce the diffuse shear field, which leveraged the heterogeneous microstructure and boundaries of the different tissue segments in the embryos. With this approach, we show how the shear wave speed (i.e., stiffness) of the spine, heart, and mid-brain increased as the embryo developed from embryonic day (E) 9.5 to E 11.5 at five separate stages. This noncontact technique is a promising method for imaging the biomechanical properties of different embryo structures during development with important applications for understanding developmental diseases and exploring treatments.